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Coal Geology & Exploration

Abstract

Background In coal mines, underground intelligent drilling rigs serve as critical equipment for gas extraction and water hazard prevention and control. With increasing mining depth, extreme operating conditions, including elevated gas concentration and high in situ stress, pose challenges to conventional drilling modes. Progress This study presents a systematic review of the evolutionary history of intelligent drilling rigs in China from the 13th to the 14th Five-Year Plan, dividing it into three stages: semi-automated operation, whole-process automated operation, and initial intelligent drilling. In the semi-automated operation stage, technologies for remote control within a viewing distance and automatic loading and unloading of drill rods were developed, enabling human-machine separation and safe operations and enhancing drilling efficiency by approximately 30% compared to manual operations. In the whole-process automated operation stage, breakthroughs were achieved in algorithms for self-adaptive drilling and autonomous decision-making, enabling drilling rigs to dynamically adjust drilling strategies based on real-time geological information. Concurrently, process links including drilling, drilling sludge cleanup and shipment, screen lowering, borehole sealing, and grouting processes were integrated. Furthermore, single push button start/stop automated operations were achieved through multi-machine synergistic control. Consequently, the proportion of auxiliary time was reduced to less than 20%. In the initial intelligent operation stage, technologies for ground-based remote centralized control and precise directional steering were explored and introduced, endowing drilling rigs with preliminary capabilities of perception, analysis, and decision-making. As a result, the probability of encountering target intervals in drilling was increased to greater than 90%, and trajectory deviation errors were controlled within 1 m. Despite significant technological advances, the intelligentization process still faces a series of challenges, including insufficient accuracy of geological perception and modeling, limited self-adaptation of intelligent algorithms, low reliability of core execution components, and the presence of barriers in the interconnection of cross-device data. Prospects In the future, it is necessary to seek to make breakthroughs in key areas including transparent geological guarantee, the deep fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, and unified technical standards. Accordingly, the intelligent drilling rigs will continuously evolve toward system-level intelligent autonomous decision-making, unmanned operations via drilling robot clusters, and electrically driven digital execution. This will provide crucial technical support for the high-quality and sustainable development of the coal industry.

Keywords

intelligent drilling, whole-process automated drilling, intelligent decision-making, cluster collaboration, directly electrically driven

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.03.0164

Reference

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