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Coal Geology & Exploration

Abstract

Background Brunt rocks are widely distributed in the Yushenfu mining area, predominantly occurring along rivers and gullies. These rocks are characterized by well-developed pores and fractures and weak to extremely strong water-yielding capacity, posing serious threats to roadway tunneling and mining for coal in the same layer or underlying them. Methods This study aims to effectively prevent and control water hazards associated with burnt rocks and reduce their threat. Through field surveys, statistical analysis, field experiments, and exemplary applications, along with exploration and monitoring and related analyses, this study analyzed the distribution of burnt rocks in the Yushenfu mining area and investigated the formation mechanisms and characteristics of water hazards associated with burnt rocks in the area. Accordingly, key technologies for water hazard prevention and control were developed, and their exemplary applications and performance evaluations were performed.Results and Conclusions The results indicate that burnt rocks in the Yushenfu mining area, primarily distributed along both sides of the Tuwei, Kuye, and Wulanmulun rivers, as well as their tributary gullies, cover an area of approximately 787 km2, affecting the roadway tunneling and coal mining of dozens of coal mines. Vertically, the burnt rocks can be classified into four types: coal ash, fused rocks, sintered rocks, and baked rocks. Horizontally, they can be divided into three zones from their outcrops inward: the fully burnt zone, the mixed burnt zone, and the burnt boundary zone. The burnt rocks exhibit cavities, fractures, and pores, featuring high internal connectivity and effective seepage pathways. They are recharged by atmospheric precipitation, pore water in the Quaternary sand layers, and water in weathered bedrock, leading to the formation of three water hazard types: lateral seepage via fractures under tunneling-induced disturbance, top seepage via fractures under mining disturbance, and lateral seepage via fractures under tunneling-induced disturbance. Key technologies for water hazard prevention and control have been developed, including isolating water using coal pillars based on the continuous exploration of burnt rock boundaries, isolating or cutting off water in burnt rocks using curtains constructed by surface borehole grouting, and surface-based 2D composite gravity-driven direct water drainage from burnt rocks. These technologies have been applied in multiple coal mines within Shaanxi Province, including Nanliang, Ningtiaota, and Zhangjiamao, achieving encouraging results. Specifically, these technologies can effectively eliminate the threat of water hazards associated with burnt rocks, thereby releasing substantial coal resources while enabling the protection and utilization of water resources within burnt rocks.

Keywords

burnt rock, water-bearing property, water hazard prevention and control, water-preserved coal mining, continuous detection, cutting off water using a curtain, gravity-driven direct water drainage

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.04.0215

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