Latest advances in research on CO₂-enhanced coalbed methane recovery

Authors

• SANG Shuxun, School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, ChinaFollow
• LIU Shiqi, School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, ChinaFollow
• LI Dianshang, Huainan Mining Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., Huainan 232001, China
• ZHANG Shouren, China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
• XU Tianfu, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
• HAN Sijie, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China; Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
• ZHOU Xiaozhi, School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
• HUANG Fansheng, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China; Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
• LIU Tong, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
• TIAN Yuchen, School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
• ZHANG Helong, School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources & Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
• NIU Qinghe, National Engineering Laboratory for Protection of Coal Mine Eco-Environment, Huainan 232001, China
• CHEN Yongchun, Huainan Mining Industry (Group) Co., Ltd., Huainan 232001, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Protection of Coal Mine Eco-Environment, Huainan 232001, China
• ZHANG Bing, China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
• WU Jie, Yi’an Lanyan Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-Mining Technology Co., Ltd., Jincheng 048012, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal and Coalbed Methane Co-Mining, Jincheng 048012, China

Abstract

Background The CO₂-enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO₂-ECBM) technology integrates greenhouse gas emission reduction and enhanced CBM recovery, holding great significance for achieving the goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality of China and ensuring national energy security. However, due to limitations of insufficient fundamental research and some technical bottlenecks, the engineering application of the CO₂-ECBM technology remains in the engineering test stage. This study reviews the latest advances in research on the mechanisms, evaluation methods, and technical systems of CO₂-ECBM and explores key scientific issues and technical pathways for geological CO₂ storage in coal mine goaves. In combination with representative engineering cases, this study presents a forward-looking analysis of the engineering application prospects and future trends of CO₂-ECBM. Advances Regarding the mechanisms behind CO₂-ECBM, the essential theoretical basis of the CO₂ storage and CH₄ production growth in coal seams lies in the synergy between adsorption-based replacement and energy-boosted displacement. A significant theoretical foundation of CO₂-ECBM is continuous fluid migration processes under multi-field, multiphase, and multi-scale coupling, along with their models. Meanwhile, the CO₂ injectivity and its regulatory mechanisms emerge as a prerequisite for engineering-scale deployment of the technology. Many technology systems have been successfully applied to CO₂-ECBM pilot tests and demonstration projects in China, including the five-layer progressive siting and suitability evaluation system, the KUANGDA method for storage capacity estimation, and a range of dynamic reservoir monitoring techniques, such as downhole sensors, tracers, and the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method. Furthermore, the CO₂-ECBM evaluation has shifted from static estimation to the integration of dynamic coupling analysis, accurate engineering prediction, and iterative optimization of technologies. This can be attributed to the CO₂-ECBM engineering prediction and performance evaluation through multi-field coupled numerical simulations, along with innovations and development in air-space-ground-well integrated monitoring systems based on the multi-source data fusion. The engineering applications have been prompted by the development of a liquid/dense-phase CO₂ injection system and the associated vertical well group-based injection-production technical system characterized by the synergy between stepwise intermittent injection increase, coupled with pressure-limited energy-boosted displacement, and intermittent drainage. Achieving stable and efficient supercritical CO₂ injection into horizontal wells through multi-source adaptation, flexible multiphase transport, stepwise pressurization, and intelligent regulation represents the future trend of CO₂-ECBM. Experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted to explore both mineral carbonation within coal-based solid wastes and the reconstruction of stratigraphic sealing in coal mine goaves involved in CO₂ storage. The purpose is to develop a technology integrating CO₂ storage via mineral carbonation and sealing reconstruction, thereby achieving broader engineering applications of CO₂-ECBM.Prospects This study proposes that there exist three major technical modes of CO₂-ECBM presently: single-well CO₂ huff-and-puff, CO₂-enhanced fracturing, and CO₂ injection-CH₄ production using vertical/directional well groups. Notably, CBM displacement by supercritical CO₂ using horizontal well groups will contribute to breakthroughs in the large-scale deployment of CO₂-ECBM due to its high injection efficiency and phase stability.

Keywords

CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery (CO2-ECBM), key mechanism, evaluation method, injection and production techniques, geological CO2 storage in a goaf, technical mode

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.07.0539

Recommended Citation

SANG Shuxun, LIU Shiqi, LI Dianshang, et al. (2026) "Latest advances in research on CO₂-enhanced coalbed methane recovery," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 54: Iss. 5, Article 9.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.07.0539
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol54/iss5/9

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