Carbon sequestration technology: Challenges and urgent critical scientific issues

Authors

LI Xiaochun, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaFollow
LIU Tianyu, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaFollow
ZHANG Liwei, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaFollow
ZHOU Hong, National Science Library (Wuhan), Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430071, China
LIU Guizhen, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
WANG Yan, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
GAN Manguang, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
LI Qi, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract

Objective Carbon sequestration technology represents a core approach to achieving carbon neutrality. However, its large-scale application remains constrained by multiple technical and scientific challenges. Methods Based on an analysis of existing carbon sequestration projects, this study identified four major challenges in carbon sequestration: (1) high uncertainty in the assessment of CO₂ sequestration capacity; (2) low injectivity of low-permeability discontinuous reservoirs; (3) a limited understanding of long-term mechanical stability; and (4) significant difficulty in assessing the risks of CO₂ leakage. Results To address these challenges, this study proposes the common issues currently faced by carbon sequestration technology, and, accordingly, determines three urgent critical scientific issues. First, there is an urgent need to develop universal geological theories applicable to carbon sequestration projects and, accordingly, to improve systems for evaluating effective sequestration capacity based on reservoir injectivity, tightness, and stability. Second, disturbance patterns in carbon sequestration projects should be investigated, and multi-field, multi-phase, and multi-scale constitutive relationships should be established, with the purpose of enhancing prediction accuracy. Third, it is necessary to advance the risk assessment, monitoring, and remediation theories applicable to carbon sequestration projects, as well as to integrate multi-physical-field coupling simulation with low-cost, high-sensitivity monitoring technologies. These efforts are essential for establishing closed-loop risk management systems. Conclusions In the future, it is advisable to address these three critical scientific issues through theoretical innovation, technological development, and interdisciplinary collaboration. These efforts will help optimize the evaluation of CO₂ sequestration capacity, improve CO₂ sequestration efficiency in reservoirs within basins, ensure the long-term stability of sequestration sites, and mitigate leakage risks. These advances will provide robust support for the large-scale applications of carbon sequestration and the achievement of global carbon neutrality.

Keywords

carbon sequestration, critical scientific issue, sequestration capacity, impurity gas, risk assessment

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.09.0689

Recommended Citation

LI Xiaochun, LIU Tianyu, ZHANG Liwei, et al. (2026) "Carbon sequestration technology: Challenges and urgent critical scientific issues," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 54: Iss. 1, Article 3.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.09.0689
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol54/iss1/3

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