Advances in research on the in situ CO₂ mineral trapping in buried volcanoes

Authors

HE Yanxin, School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaFollow
TIAN Wei, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaFollow
XIAN Benzhong, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
LIU Pingping, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
WEI Mingcong, School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
WEI Qiwen, School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
DENG Xuanyu, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
LIU Jianping, School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
GU Jiapeng, School of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China

Abstract

Objective and Methods Driven by the goal of carbon neutrality, geologic CO₂ storage has become a critical national priority in China. Compared to conventional reservoirs in sedimentary basins, such as saline aquifers, depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, and unmineable coal seams, basaltic formations offer more significant advantages in geologic CO₂ storage. Specifically, basaltic formations can form stable carbonates through reactions between CO₂ and rock minerals while also exhibiting extensive distribution, considerable potential for CO₂ storage, and low risk of CO₂ leakage. The engineering feasibility of geologic CO₂ storage in basaltic formations has been validated by the Iceland CarbFix and U.S. Wallula pilot projects. Buried volcanoes within sedimentary basins host abundant basaltic rocks, show an extensive distribution, and hold considerable potential for CO₂ storage, establishing them as potential targets for in situ CO₂ mineral trapping. However, there is a lack of systematic assessment of the feasibility, safety, and economic viability of in situ CO₂ mineral trapping in buried volcanoes. Therefore, this study analyzed the technical and economic feasibility of this technology based on the distribution, material composition, reservoir physical properties, reservoir-cap rock configuration of buried volcanoes, as well as the storage capacity, environmental risks, and cost-effectiveness related to in situ CO₂ mineral trapping.Advances and Prospects The buried volcanoes are globally widespread, holding enormous potential for CO₂ storage. They contain ferromagnesian mineral assemblages that enhance mineralization efficiency and hold high-quality reservoirs with abundant storage spaces. Moreover, their internal complex structures constitute natural reservoir-cap rock assemblages. All these characteristics make it theoretically and technically feasible to conduct geologic CO₂ storage in buried volcanoes. In terms of safety, the inherent safety of CO₂ mineral trapping, combined with multiple containment barriers at the basin scale, ensures minimal CO₂ leakage risks. As for economic viability, in addition to the low costs of in situ CO₂ mineral trapping itself, infrastructure reuse and synergistic storage in petroliferous basins can further reduce the costs, suggesting significant economic attractiveness. Therefore, buried volcanoes in sedimentary basins represent highly suitable targets for in situ CO₂ mineral trapping, outperforming typical basaltic formations in terms of technical feasibility, safety, and economic viability. Nevertheless, this technology still faces some technical limitations. For instance, mechanisms behind CO₂-fluid-rock interactions remain poorly understood, and the internal architectures of volcanoes are difficult to characterize. Therefore, future efforts should focus on the multi-field coupling experiments and simulations of CO₂-fluid-rock interactions, as well as the fine-scale characterization of buried volcano architectures. Characteristics such as geological conditions reveal that priority zones for CO₂ storage in buried volcanoes in China include the Tarim Basin (a land area in West China) and the Pearl River Mouth Basin (a sea area in East China). The results of this study provide reliable targets and geological bases for attaining the carbon neutrality goal.

Keywords

buried volcano, basalt, in situ CO2 mineral trapping, petroliferous basin, geologic CO2 storage

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.07.0568

Recommended Citation

HE Yanxin, TIAN Wei, XIAN Benzhong, et al. (2026) "Advances in research on the in situ CO₂ mineral trapping in buried volcanoes," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 54: Iss. 1, Article 22.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.07.0568
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol54/iss1/22

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