Environmental risk assessment of CO₂ storage combined with the overlying coal mining

Authors

GU Leiyu, Huangneng Coal Technology Research Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, ChinaFollow
LI Wenhui, Huaneng Qing Yang Coal and Electricity Co., Ltd., Qingyang 745099, China
HUANG Wei, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
ZHOU Quanchao, Huangneng Coal Technology Research Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China
ZHU Yalong, Huaneng Qing Yang Coal and Electricity Co., Ltd., Qingyang 745099, China
LI Xiaying, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
LIU Guizhen, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
LI Qi, State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaFollow

Abstract

Objective Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology serves as a key method for carbon neutrality. However, large-scale engineering applications of CCUS are still confronted with serious challenges of environmental risks. Therefore, systematic environmental risk assessment plays an essential role in ensuring the environmental safety and social acceptability of CO₂ geological storage projects. Methods Targeting the CO₂ geological storage project combined with overlying coal mining in Zhengning County, Gansu Province, this study performed the environmental risk assessment of CO₂ leakage based on the requirements of the Technical Guideline on Environmental Risk Assessment for Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization, and Storage (on Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Guideline). Initially, this study identified the environmental risks associated with the project using the features, events, and processes (FEP) method. Then, based on the risk identification results, this study, through expert workshops, assessed the risks of CO₂ leakage to environmental media and beings using the risk matrix-based assessment method recommended in the Guideline. Finally, targeted recommendations for risk management were proposed according to the assessment results.Results and Conclusions The results reveal low to ultra-low, acceptable environmental risks to receptors, except for the medium to high, unacceptable risk of blowout events to the surface atmosphere. The medium risk was reduced to a low, acceptable risk level after the implementation of targeted prevention and control measures such as enhancing wellbore integrity, installing wellhead devices matched with formation pressure, and space-atmosphere-surface-underground intelligent collaborative responses. Based on the environmental risk assessment results, this study constructed a phased prevention and control system, including strengthening wellbore integrity before CO₂ injection, implementing dynamic regulation and response during CO₂ injection, and establishing atmosphere-surface coordinated monitoring during CO₂ storage. This will provide risk management and control for the safe operation of CO₂ geological storage projects.

Keywords

CO2 geological storage, coal mining, environmental risk assessment, the features, events, and processes (FEP), risk matrix method

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.05.0362

Recommended Citation

GU Leiyu, LI Wenhui, HUANG Wei, et al. (2025) "Environmental risk assessment of CO₂ storage combined with the overlying coal mining," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 53: Iss. 12, Article 5.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.05.0362
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol53/iss12/5

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