Application of long-distance tunneling and detection for advance detection in excavation using shield tunneling machines

Authors

CHEN Chao, Shanxi Tiandi Wangpo Mining Industry Co., Ltd., Jincheng 048021, ChinaFollow
LI Ping, CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China; China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China; China Coal Mine Hazard Prevention and Control National Key Laboratory-Sub-Laboratory for Mine Water Hazard Prevention and Control, Xi’an 710077, China; State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Strata Control, Beijing 100013, ChinaFollow
LI Wei, CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China
WEI Rong, CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710077, China; China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China

Abstract

Objective and Method During the rapid excavation process using shield tunneling machines in coal mines, the advance detection of concealed geological anomalies encounters challenges of limited space and insufficient accuracy. To overcome these issues, this study investigated highly-located drainage roadway 3211 in the Tiandi Wangpo Coal Mine in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province using the long-distance tunneling and detection technology, the core of which is long directional boreholes combined with comprehensive borehole geophysical prospecting. This roadway is located in the roof of the No.3 coal seam, and it is necessary to conduct shield construction in the stable sandstone layer located from 15 m to 19 m above the coal seam. Therefore, highly accurate geological positioning is required. By establishing the technical system of long directional boreholes combined with comprehensive borehole geophysical prospecting and considering the actual geological conditions, this study conducted the numerical simulations of boreholes under heterogeneous media and cross-layer conditions. Accordingly, it analyzed the characteristics of geophysical prospecting signals under different geological scenarios, revealing the structural response patterns and the effectiveness of the technology. Specifically, the synergetic detection of low-resistivity anomalies, geological structures, and coal-rock interfaces was carried out using the retreating branch drilling technology, combined with borehole transient electromagnetic (TEM) method, borehole radar, and borehole gamma-ray (GR) logging.Results and Conclusions A long horizontal borehole was drilled at a directional drilling site adjacent to it. This horizontal borehole consisted of one main borehole and two branch boreholes, with a cumulative directional run length of 594 m and a reaming length of 440 m. Concurrently, comprehensive borehole geophysical prospecting was conducted. The detection results reveal the presence of one major low-resistivity anomaly and three structural anomalies. Furthermore, the spatial distributions of four sandstone intervals were accurately characterized. Field verification shows that the positioning deviations of the sandstone horizontals ranged from 0.01 m to 1.02 m, suggesting a significantly improved accuracy of geological interpretations and an effectively reduced multiplicity of solutions. The long-distance tunneling and detection technology applied in this study enables the synergy between continuous shield tunneling and comprehensive borehole detection, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of advance detection under complex geological conditions while also providing significant technical support for safe and efficient shield tunneling in coal mines.

Keywords

long-distance tunneling and detection, directional drilling, borehole geophysical prospecting, shield tunneling machine, advance detection

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.09.0694

Recommended Citation

CHEN Chao, LI Ping, LI Wei, et al. (2025) "Application of long-distance tunneling and detection for advance detection in excavation using shield tunneling machines," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 53: Iss. 11, Article 9.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.09.0694
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol53/iss11/9

Reference

[1] 袁亮，张平松. TBM施工岩巷掘探一体化技术研究进展与思考[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2023，51(1)：21−32.

YUAN Liang，ZHANG Pingsong. Research progress and thinking on integrated tunneling and detection technology of rock roadway with TBM[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2023，51(1)：21−32.

[2] 王杜娟，贺飞，王勇，等. 煤矿岩巷全断面掘进机(TBM)及智能化关键技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(6)：2031−2044.

WANG Dujuan，HE Fei，WANG Yong，et al. Tunnel boring machine (TBM) in coal mine and its intelligent key technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(6)：2031−2044.

[3] 尹文祥. 煤矿岩巷快速掘进工艺的优化[J]. 能源与节能，2024(3)：289−291.

YIN Wenxiang. Optimization of rapid driving technology of coal mine rock roadway[J]. Energy and Energy Conservation，2024(3)：289−291.

[4] 李刚，李冰，张萌，等. 盾构法在煤矿掘进施工中的应用[J]. 煤矿安全，2020，51(8)：184−187.

LI Gang，LI Bing，ZHANG Meng，et al. Application of shield method in coal tunneling construction[J]. Safety in Coal Mines，2020，51(8)：184−187.

[5] 王海超. 盾构技术在煤巷掘进中的应用探讨[J]. 陕西煤炭，2021，40(1)：128−130.

WANG Haichao. Discussion on the application of shield technology in coal roadway driving[J]. Shaanxi Coal，2021，40(1)：128−130.

[6] 魏宏超. 煤矿超前探放水硬岩定向长钻孔精准高效施工技术[J]. 煤矿机械，2023，44(6)：79−83.

WEI Hongchao. Precise and efficient construction technology of directional long drilling in hard rock for advanced water exploration in coal mine[J]. Coal Min e Machinery，2023，44(6)：79−83.

[7] FAN Tao,LI Ping,QI Zhipeng,et al. Borehole transient electromagnetic stereo imaging method based on horizontal component anomaly feature clustering[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2022,197:104537.

[8] 范涛，李鸿泰，郭建磊，等. 钻孔瞬变电磁拟地震反演方法在露天煤矿采空区精细探测中的应用[J]. 地球科学与环境学报，2020，42(6)：759−766.

FAN Tao，LI Hongtai，GUO Jianlei，et al. Application of borehole transient electromagnetic pseudo–seismic inversion method in goaf fine detection of open–pit coal mine[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment，2020，42(6)：759−766.

[9] JIANG Bici,CHENG Jianyuan,LI Ping,et al. Using BHR to detect coal seam interface in coal mine[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics,2023,209:104894.

[10] 刘四新，宋梓豪，程建远，等. 利用钻孔雷达探测煤矿井下顶底板界面的数值模拟研究[J]. 世界地质，2021，40(3)：711−720.

LIU Sixin，SONG Zihao，CHENG Jianyuan，et al. Numerical simulation research on detecting underground coal mine roof and floor using borehole radar[J]. Global Geology，2021，40(3)：711−720.

[11] 闫文超，李萍，汪凯斌，等. 矿用电磁波随钻伽马测井仪在桑树坪煤矿的应用[J]. 煤矿安全，2018，49(1)：136−138.

YAN Wenchao，LI Ping，WANG Kaibin，et al. Application of mine electromagnetic gamma logging while drilling instrument in Sangshuping coal mine[J]. Safety in Coal Mines，2018，49(1)：136−138.

[12] 陈龙，陈刚，张冀冠. 矿用随钻动态方位伽马仪器的研制与应用[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022，50(1)：86−91.

CHEN Long，CHEN Gang，ZHANG Jiguan. Development and application of a mine-used dynamic azimuth gamma instrument while drilling[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2022，50(1)：86−91.

[13] 冯彦军，侯红，任建超，等. 煤矿井下定向长钻孔套管下放方法及固孔工艺[J]. 煤矿安全，2025，56(2)：212−219.

FENG Yanjun，HOU Hong，REN Jianchao，et al. Casing running and solidifying bore by grouting in directional long borehole in coal mine[J]. Safety in Coal Mines，2025，56(2)：212−219.

[14] 张幼振，范涛，阚志涛，等. 煤矿巷道掘进超前钻探技术应用与发展[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2021，49(5)：286−293.

ZHANG Youzhen，FAN Tao，KAN Zhitao，et al. Application and development of advanced drilling technology for coal mine roadway heading[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2021，49(5)：286−293.

[15] 赵栓峰，丁志兵，李凯凯，等. 盾构机掘进煤矿巷道超前探测系统[J]. 煤矿安全，2019，50(2)：117−120.

ZHAO Shuanfeng，DING Zhibing，LI Kaikai，et al. Advanced detection system for shield tunneling coal roadway[J]. Safety in Coal Mines，2019，50(2)：117−120.

[16] 项望，孟红星，刘博. 掘进工作面前方隐患水源超前定位探查[J]. 煤炭与化工，2016，39(6)：141−143.

XIANG Wang，MENG Hongxing，LIU Bo. Study on advanced position exploration of hidden and dangerous water ahead of mining working face[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry，2016，39(6)：141−143.

[17] 张平松，李圣林，时元玲. 地面浅层智能型钻探物探一体化技术与装备分析[J/OL]. 地球物理学进展，2025：1–17 [2025-06-26]. https：//kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/11. 2982. p. 20250626. 1558. 038. html.

ZHANG Pingsong，LI Shenglin，SHI Yuanling. Analysis of intelligent drilling and geophysical exploration integration technology and equipment for shallow surface[J/OL]. Progress in Geophysics，2025：1–17 [2025-06-26]. https：//kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/11. 2982. p. 20250626. 1558. 038. html.

[18] 袁子航，叶根飞，赵永哲，等. 定向钻进技术在底板水害超前探查中的应用[J]. 煤炭工程，2021，53(4)：45−48.

YUAN Zihang，YE Genfei，ZHAO Yongzhe，et al. Application of directional drilling in advance exploration of floor water hazard[J]. Coal Engineering，2021，53(4)：45−48.

[19] 王建强，张杰，杜学明. 复杂地层高位定向长钻孔成孔工艺研究与应用[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2021，49(8)：168−173.

WANG Jianqiang，ZHANG Jie，DU Xueming. Research and application of hole–forming technology of high–level directional long borehole in complex stratum[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2021，49(8)：168−173.

[20] 孙昊达，王毅，张杰，等. “长掘长探”技术在TBM掘进巷道中的应用研究[J]. 煤炭技术，2024，43(5)：137−141.

SUN Haoda，WANG Yi，ZHANG Jie，et al. Research on application of “long excavation and long exploration”technology in TBM excavation roadway[J]. Coal Technology，2024，43(5)：137−141.

[21] 张继昌. 矿井巷道实现快速掘进的“长掘长探”技术研究[J]. 山西冶金，2022，45(9)：178−179.

ZHANG Jichang. Research on “long driving and long exploring”technology for fast driving of mine roadway[J]. Shanxi Metallurgy，2022，45(9)：178−179.

[22] 李彤. 新景矿钻探物探一体化超前探查技术应用[J]. 山西煤炭，2021，41(1)：88−96.

LI Tong. Application of integrated advanced drilling and geophysical detection technology in Xinjing mine[J]. Shanxi Coal，2021，41(1)：88−96.

[23] 程建远，陆自清，蒋必辞，等. 煤矿巷道快速掘进的“长掘长探”技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2022，47(1)：404−412.

CHENG Jianyuan，LU Ziqing，JIANG Bici，et al. A novel technology of“long excavation/long detection”for rapid excavation in coal mine roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2022，47(1)：404−412.

[24] 张军. 矿井孔中瞬变电磁探测异常响应特征模拟[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022，50(8)：134−141.

Jun. Abnormal response characteristic simulation during transient electromagnetic detection in mine borehole[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2022，50(8)：134−141.

[25] 赵睿. 矿用孔中瞬变电磁仪的研制与应用[J]. 能源与环保，2023，45(11)：232−235.

ZHAO Rui. Development and application of mine borehole transient electromagnetic instrument[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection，2023，45(11)：232−235.

[26] 刘四新，师伟，宋梓豪，等. 钻孔雷达在探测井下煤层顶底板界面中的应用[J]. 物探与化探，2023，47(2)：365−371.

LIU Sixin，SHI Wei，SONG Zihao，et al. Identification of footwalls androofs of coal seams in underground coal mines using borehole radar[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration，2023，47(2)：365−371.

[27] 贾若辰. 矿用钻孔伽马测井仪工作原理及其试验应用[J]. 新技术新工艺，2022(12)：85−88.

JIA Ruochen. Working principle and test application of gamma logging instrument for mining drill hole[J]. New Technology & New Process，2022(12)：85−88.