Optical-electrical-acoustic wave multiparameter response characteristics of typical rocks in coal-bearing strata throughout the loading process

Authors

ZHANG Pingsong, State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China; School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, ChinaFollow
LIU Chang, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, ChinaFollow

Abstract

Objective The deformations and rupture of rocks under loading will cause potential changes in parameters. Dynamic parameter capture assists in characterizing the generation, propagation, and closure processes of fractures, serving as a significant method for assessing rock quality. Methods Using a multiparameter test system, this study synchronously acquired strain measured using distributed optic fibers, electrode current, and compressional wave (P-wave) velocities of rock specimens under uniaxial loading. Accordingly, this study determined strength vs. parameter characteristic relationship graphs and parametric tomography results, finely describing the multiparameter spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of three typical rocks (i.e., sandstone, limestone, and mudstone) throughout the loading process. Results and Conclusions The test results indicate that the time vs. pressure curves were highly consistent with the multiparameter response curves. For the rock specimens, the strain measured using spirally distributed optic fibers exhibited a slow, stable growth in the compression and linear elasticity stages of primary pores but a sudden, rapid growth in the fracture generation and propagation stages. During the tests, the strain measured using distributed optic fibers for sandstone, limestone, and mudstone under critical fracturing were 933×10^–6, 401×10^–6, and 3790×10^–6, respectively. The electrode current changed minimally in the compression and linear elasticity stages of primary pores, decreased significantly in the fracture generation and propagation stages, and rebounded during fracture closure. In the compression, linear elasticity, and failure stages of primary pores, the P-wave velocities of the sandstone specimen were 4.31 km/s, 4.39 km/s, and 1.26 km/s, respectively; those of the limestone specimen were 4.80 km/s, 4.93 km/s, and 3.10 km/s, respectively, and those of the mudstone specimen were 3.65 km/s, 3.57 km/s, and 1.71 km/s, respectively. Based on the energy values of the rock specimens throughout the loading process, this study constructed damage variable D to assess the degrees of damage evolution of the rock specimens. Specifically, the D values of the sandstone specimen experienced gradual increase, decrease, and sudden increase stages; those of the limestone specimen underwent slow increase, rapid increase, stagnation, and sudden increase stages, and those of the mudstone specimen experienced slow increase, rapid increase, and sudden increase stages. This study explored the failure modes of different rock specimens based on the test results of the strain measured using distributed optic fibers. The results of this study will assist in predicting the generation and propagation of secondary fractures, as well as the positions of potential rupture planes, under loading.

Keywords

rock loading, response characteristic, distributed fiber optic, concurrently electrical method, digital ultrasound, coal-bearing strata

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.06.0378

Recommended Citation

Z L. (2025) "Optical-electrical-acoustic wave multiparameter response characteristics of typical rocks in coal-bearing strata throughout the loading process," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 53: Iss. 1, Article 17.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.06.0378
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol53/iss1/17

Reference

[1] 袁亮，吴劲松，杨科. 煤炭安全智能精准开采关键技术与应用[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2023，40(5)：861−868.

YUAN Liang，WU Jinsong，YANG Ke. Key technology and its application of coal safety intelligent precision mining[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2023，40(5)：861−868.

[2] 谢和平. 深部岩体力学与开采理论研究进展[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(5)：1283−1305.

XIE Heping. Research review of the state key research development program of China：Deep rock mechanics and mining theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(5)：1283−1305.

[3] 袁亮，张平松. 煤矿透明地质模型动态重构的关键技术与路径思考[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(1)：1−14.

YUAN Liang，ZHANG Pingsong. Key technology and path thinking of dynamic reconstruction of mine transparent geological model[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(1)：1−14.

[4] 袁亮. 深部采动响应与灾害防控研究进展[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(3)：716–725.

YUAN Liang，Research progress of mining response and disaster prevention and control in deep coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(3)：716–725.

[5] 何满潮，武毅艺，高玉兵，等. 深部采矿岩石力学进展[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(1)：75−99.

HE Manchao，WU Yiyi，GAO Yubing，et al. Research progress of rock mechanics in deep mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(1)：75−99.

[6] ZHANG Linfan，YANG Duoxing，CHEN Zhouhui，et al. Deformation and failure characteristics of sandstone under uniaxial compression using distributed fiber optic strain sensing[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2020，12：1046−1055.

[7] SUN Yankun，LI Qi，YANG Duoxing，et al. Investigation of the dynamic strain responses of sandstone using multichannel fiber–optic sensor arrays[J]. Engineering Geology，2016，213：1−10.

[8] LIU Chang，YAO Duoxi，ZHANG Pingsong，et al. Deformation and damage characteristics of deep rock specimens based on 3D–DIC and FBG[J]. Lithosphere，2022(10)：4329713.

[9] LIN Shaoqun，TAN Duoyuan，YIN Jianhua，et al. A novel approach to surface strain measurement for cylindrical rock specimens under uniaxial compression using distributed fibre optic sensor technology[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2021，54(12)：6605−6619.

[10] 杨彩. 煤岩体电性时频特征研究[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2017：60–89.

YANG Cai. Electrical time–frequency characteristics research of coal–rock mass[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2017：60–89.

[11] WANG Tianzuo，WANG Chunli，XUE Fei，et al. Acoustic emission characteristics and energy evolution of red sandstone samples under cyclic loading and unloading[J]. Shock and Vibration，2021(2)：1−15.

[12] DUDZISZ K，WALTER M，KRUMHOLZ R，et al. Effect of cyclic loading at elevated temperatures on the magnetic susceptibility of a magnetite–bearing ore[J]. Geophysical Journal International，2022，228(2)：1346−1360.

[13] 孟召平，章朋，田永东，等. 围压下煤储层应力–应变、渗透性与声发射试验分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(7)：2544−2551.

MENG Zhaoping，ZHANG Peng，TIAN Yongdong，et al. Experimental analysis of stress–strain，permeability and acoustie emission of coal reservoir under different confining pressures[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(7)：2544−2551.

[14] 陈国庆，张岩，李阳，等. 岩石真三轴加载破坏的热–声前兆信息链初探[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(9)：1764−1776.

CHEN Guoqing，ZHANG Yan，LI Yang，et al. Thermal–acoustic precursor information chain of rock failure under true triaxial loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(9)：1764−1776.

[15] 何满潮. 深部建井力学研究进展[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(3)：726−746.

HE Manchao. Research progress of deep shaft construction mechanics[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(3)：726−746.

[16] 高明忠，王明耀，谢晶，等. 深部煤岩原位扰动力学行为研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(8)：2691−2703.

GAO Mingzhong，WANG Mingyao，XIE Jing，et al. In–situ disturbed mechanical behavior of deep coal rock[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(8)：2691−2703.

[17] 谢和平，高峰，鞠杨，等. 深地煤炭资源流态化开采理论与技术构想[J]. 煤炭学报，2017，42(3)：547−556.

XIE Heping，GAO Feng，JU Yang，et al. Theoretical and technological conception of the fluidization mining for deep coal resources[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2017，42(3)：547−556.

[18] SHI Bin，ZHANG Dan，ZHU Honghu，et al. DFOS applications to geo–engineering monitoring[J]. Photonic Sensors，2021，11(2)：158−186.

[19] 程刚，王振雪，朱鸿鹄，等. 基于分布式光纤感测的岩土体变形监测研究综述[J]. 激光与光电子学进展，2022，59(19)：51−70.

CHENG Gang，WANG Zhenxue，ZHU Honghu，et al. Research review of rock and soil deformation monitoring based ondistributed fiber optic sensing[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress，2022，59(19)：51−70.

[20] 吴涵，朱鸿鹄，周谷宇，等. 考虑变形协调的土体剪切位移分布式测试研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2020，28(4)：716−724.

WU Han，ZHU Honghu，ZHOU Guyu，et al. Experimental study on distributed monitoring of soil shear displacement considering deformation compatibility[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2020，28(4)：716−724.

[21] WANG Lihan，REN Lingyun，WANG Xiangchuan，et al. Time–resolution enhanced multi–path OTD measurement using an adaptive filter based incoherent OFDR[J]. Chinese Optics Letters，2024，22(1)：158−163.

[22] 付彩玲，彭振威，李朋飞，等. OFDR分布式光纤温度/应变/形状传感研究进展[J]. 激光与光电子学进展，2023，60(11)：100−110.

FU Cailing，PENG Zhenwei，LI Pengfei，et al. Research on distributed fiber temperature/strain/shape sensing based on OFDR[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress，2023，60(11)：100−110.

[23] 刘盛东，刘静，戚俊，等. 矿井并行电法技术体系与新进展[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(8)：2336−2345.

LIU Shengdong，LIU Jing，QI Jun，et al. Applied technologies and new advances of parallel eletrical method in mining geophysics[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(8)：2336−2345.

[24] 王宇，李晓，胡瑞林，等. 岩土超声波测试研究进展及应用综述[J]. 工程地质学报，2015，23(2)：287−300.

WANG Yu，LI Xiao，HU Ruilin，et al. Review of research process and application of ultrasonic testing for rock and soil[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2015，23(2)：287−300.

[25] 中华人民共和国建设部. 工程岩体试验方法标准：GB/T 50266—99[S]. 北京：中国计划出版社，1999：1–62.

[26] 范成凯，孙艳坤，李琦，等. 页岩单轴压缩破坏试验的光纤布拉格光栅测试技术研究[J]. 岩土力学，2017，38(8)：2456−2464.

FAN Chengkai，SUN Yankun，LI Qi，et al. Testing Technology of fiber bragg grating in the shale damage experiments under uniaxial compression conditions[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2017，38(8)：2456−2464.

[27] 韦天下，林加剑，施国栋，等. 三轴循环加载下玄武岩纤维混凝土能量跌落系数及演化特征[J]. 硅酸盐学报，2022，50(8)：2173−2181.

WEI Tianxia，LIN Jiajian，SHI Guodong，et al. Energy drop coefficient and evolution characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced concrete under triaxial cyclic compression[J]. Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society，2022，50(8)：2173−2181.

[28] 孟庆彬，辛学奎，宋子鸣，等. 巷道开挖过程中围岩能量耗散特征[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2024，41(1)：142−150.

MENG Qingbin，XIN Xuekui，SONG Ziming，et al. The energy dissipation characteristies of surrounding rock during roadway excavation[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2024，41(1)：142−150.

[29] 张培森，许大强，颜伟，等. 应力–渗流耦合作用下不同卸荷路径对砂岩损伤特性及能量演化规律的影响研究[J]. 岩土力学，2024，45(2)：325−339.

ZHANG Peisen，XU Daqiang，YAN Wei，et al. Influence of unloading paths on sandstone damage characteristics and energy evolution law under stress–seepage coupling[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2024，45(2)：325−339.

[30] 王二博，王志丰，王亚琼. 含裂隙岩石单轴压缩下力学性能及能量演化机制研究[J]. 高压物理学报，2024，38(1)：119−132.

WANG Erbo，WANG Zhifeng，WANG Yaqiong. Mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristics of fracture–bearing rocks under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics，2024，38(1)：119−132.

[31] 党亚倩，吴亚敏，王团结，等. 不同含水率下岩石材料的能量与损伤演化特征[J]. 高压物理学报，2023，37(3)：62−71.

DANG Yaqian，WU Yamin，WANG Tuanjie，et al. Energy and damage evolution characteristics of rock material sunder different water contents[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics，2023，37(3)：62−71.

[32] 赵光明，刘之喜，孟祥瑞，等. 真三轴循环主应力作用下砂岩能量演化规律[J]. 岩土力学，2023，44(7)：1875−1890.

ZHAO Guangming，LIU Zhixi，MENG Xiangrui，et al. Energy evolution of sandstone under true triaxial cyclie principal stress[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2023，44(7)：1875−1890.

[33] LIU Chang，ZHANG Pingsong，OU Yuanchao，et al. Analytical stress analysis method of interbedded coal and rock floor over confined water：A study on mining failure depth[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics，2022，204：104720.

[34] 张平松，欧元超. 煤层采动底板突水物理模拟试验研究进展与展望[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2024，52(6)：44−56.

ZHANG Pingsong，OU Yuanchao. Physical simulation experiments on mining–induced water inrushes from coal seam floors：Advances in research and prospects[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2024，52(6)：44−56.