Experimental study on acoustic emission evolution characteristics and response mechanism of damaged rocks

Authors

ZHANG Kai, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China; China Energy Investment Group Co., Beijing 100011, ChinaFollow
ZHANG Dongxiao, College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, ChinaFollow
ZHAO Yongqiang, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China
YANG Yingming, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China
GUO Weiyao, State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining, National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing 102211, China; College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
SUN Peng, College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
XU Linpeng, College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
FU Guangsheng, Qingdao Geological Exploration of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Qingdao 266590, China

Abstract

The evolution of rock internal damage is one of the causes of geotechnical engineering disasters, and revealing the response characteristics of key parameters during the rock failure could provide a basis for the identification instability state after rock failure, which is of great importance for the early warning and prevention of rock engineering disasters. Herein, the siltstone specimens with different damage degrees were prepared by cyclic loading-unloading tests, and uniaxial loading tests were carried out with the damaged specimens. On this basis, the relationship between the damage degree of specimen and the wave velocity, as well as the acoustic emission (AE) evolution law, was analyzed, and the AE response mechanism of rocks in different damage degree was discussed. The results show that: (1) The P-wave velocity of damaged specimens decreases linearly with the increase of damage degree, but the AE ringing counts change from periodical increasing to rapid increasing during the whole loading process. The AE energy increases rapidly from a small amplitude at the yield stage. (2) The peak value of AE b value reflecting the trend of development of internal fractures at different scales, transfers from the post-peak failure stage to the compaction stage, resulting in the unobvious instability characteristics of post-peak failure stage. The S value, reflecting the concertration and energy scale of AE sources within the rock mass, varies from medium amplitude fluctuation at low value to small amplitude fluctuation at high value in the compaction to yield stage, indicating that unstable failure occurs in the pre-peak stage. (3) The breaking process of damaged specimen changes from the dominant type of intergranular slip to the crack development with the increasing of damage degree. Thus, the AE high-frequency and low-energy signals (400-800 kHz, 0-250 aJ) vary from sporadic appearance to intensive distribution during the whole loading process, and the high-frequency signal band becomes wider. (4) The different development degrees of cracks in the damaged rock is the basic reason for the differentiation of AE response mechanism. The density of microcracks in rock increases as the damage degree increases, which lead to the transition of progressive stable failure mode to burst unstable failure mode during the loading process, and the enhancement of AE signal activity and intensity. Generally, the characteristics of AE parameters of rocks with different damage degrees were obtained in this study, which could provide theoretical basis for the damage identification of engineering rock mass.

Keywords

damaged rock, wave velocity, acoustic emission(AE), energy, dominant frequency, response mechanism

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.23.09.0548

Recommended Citation

ZHANG Kai, ZHANG Dongxiao, ZHAO Yongqiang, et al. (2024) "Experimental study on acoustic emission evolution characteristics and response mechanism of damaged rocks," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 52: Iss. 3, Article 11.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.23.09.0548
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol52/iss3/11

Reference

[1] 李地元，韩震宇，孙小磊，等. 含预制裂隙大理岩SHPB动态力学破坏特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2017，36(12)：2872−2883.

LI Diyuan，HAN Zhenyu，SUN Xiaolei，et al. Characteristics of dynamic failure of marble with artificial flaws under split Hopkinson pressure bar tests[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2017，36(12)：2872−2883.

[2] 彭俊，荣冠，周创兵，等. 岩石裂纹闭合效应及其定量模型研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(1)：126−132.

PENG Jun，RONG Guan，ZHOU Chuangbing，et al. A study of crack closure effect of rocks and its quantitative model[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(1)：126−132.

[3] 黄润秋. 岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(8)：1525−1544.

HUANG Runqiu. Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(8)：1525−1544.

[4] RODRIGUEZ P，ARAB P B，CELESTINO T B. Characterization of rock cracking patterns in diametral compression tests by acoustic emission and petrographic analysis[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2016，83：73−85.

[5] DIEDERICHS M S，KAISER P K，EBERHARDT E. Damage initiation and propagation in hard rock during tunnelling and the influence of near–face stress rotation[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2004，41(5)：785−812.

[6] 曾鹏，刘阳军，纪洪广，等. 单轴压缩下粗砂岩临界破坏的多频段声发射耦合判据和前兆识别特征[J]. 岩土工程学报，2017，39(3)：509−517.

ZENG Peng，LIU Yangjun，JI Hongguang，et al. Coupling criteria and precursor identification characteristics of multi–band acoustic emission of gritstone fracture under uniaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2017，39(3)：509−517.

[7] 张志博，李树杰，王恩元，等. 基于声发射事件时–空维度聚类分析的煤体损伤演化特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(增刊2)：3338−3347.

ZHANG Zhibo，LI Shujie，WANG Enyuan，et al. Research on the damage evolution characteristics of coal based on cluster analysis of temporal–spatial dimension of acoustic emission events[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(Sup.2)：3338−3347.

[8] ELBATANOUNY M K，LAROSCHE A，MAZZOLENI P，et al. Identification of cracking mechanisms in scaled FRP reinforced concrete beams using acoustic emission[J]. Experimental Mechanics，2014，54(1)：69−82.

[9] 陈颙. 声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用[J]. 地球物理学报，1977，20(4)：312−322.

CHEN Yong. Application of acoustic emission techniques to rock mechanics research[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics，1977，20(4)：312−322.

[10] 李宏艳，康立军，徐子杰，等. 不同冲击倾向煤体失稳破坏声发射先兆信息分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2014，39(2)：384−388.

LI Hongyan，KANG Lijun，XU Zijie，et al. Precursor information analysis on acoustic emission of coal with different outburst proneness[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2014，39(2)：384−388.

[11] WASANTHA P L P，RANJITH P G，ZHAO J，et al. Strain rate effect on the mechanical behaviour of sandstones with different grain sizes[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2015，48(5)：1883−1895.

[12] 王创业，常新科，杜晓娅. 砂岩单轴压缩破坏全过程声发射主频特征分析[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2020，16(2)：451−462.

WANG Chuangye，CHANG Xinke，DU Xiaoya. Analysis on dominant–frequency characteristics of acoustic emission in sandstone uniaxial compression failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2020，16(2)：451−462.

[13] 宋战平，刘京，谢强，等. 石灰岩声发射特性及其演化规律试验研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2013，41(4)：61−65.

SONG Zhanping，LIU Jing，XIE Qiang，et al. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics and evolution regularities of limestone under different stress condition[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2013，41(4)：61−65.

[14] 肖晓春，丁鑫，潘一山，等. 颗粒煤岩破裂过程声发射与电荷感应试验[J]. 煤炭学报，2015，40(8)：1796−1804.

XIAO Xiaochun，DING Xin，PAN Yishan，et al. Experiment of acoustic emission and charge induction in granular coal rock failure[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2015，40(8)：1796−1804.

[15] 杨永杰，王德超，郭明福，等. 基于三轴压缩声发射试验的岩石损伤特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(1)：98−104.

YANG Yongjie，WANG Dechao，GUO Mingfu，et al. Study of rock damage characteristics based on acoustic emission tests under triaxial compression[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(1)：98−104.

[16] LOCKNER D. The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts，1993，30(7)：883−899.

[17] 张泽坤，宋战平，程昀，等. 加载速率影响下类硬岩声发射及破裂响应特征[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2022，50(2)：115−124.

ZHANG Zekun，SONG Zhanping，CHENG Yun，et al. Acoustic emission characteristics and fracture response behavior of hard rock–like material under influence of loading rate[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2022，50(2)：115−124.

[18] 葛振龙，孙强，王苗苗，等. 基于RA/AF的高温后砂岩破裂特征识别研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2021，49(2)：176−183.

GE Zhenlong，SUN Qiang，WANG Miaomiao，et al. Fracture feature recognition of sandstone after high temperature based on RA/AF[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2021，49(2)：176−183.

[19] 余洁，刘晓辉，郝齐钧. 不同围压下煤岩声发射基本特性及损伤演化[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2020，48(3)：128−136.

YU Jie，LIU Xiaohui，HAO Qijun. Acoustic emission characteristics and damage evolution of coal–rock under different confining pressures[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2020，48(3)：128−136.

[20] HU Shaohua，ZHANG Guang，ZHANG Miao，et al. Deformation characteristics tests and damage mechanics analysis of Beishan granite after thermal treatment[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(12)：3427−3436.

[21] 苏占东，孙进忠，夏京，等. 冻融循环对花岗岩声发射特性影响的试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2019，38(5)：865−874.

SU Zhandong，SUN Jinzhong，XIA Jing，et al. Experimental research of the effect of freezing–thawing cycles on acoustic emission characteristics of granite[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2019，38(5)：865−874.

[22] 贾炳，魏建平，温志辉，等. 基于层理影响的煤样加载过程声发射差异性分析[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2016，44(4)：35−39.

JIA Bing，WEI Jianping，WEN Zhihui，et al. The analysis of the differences of acoustic emission during loading process based on the influence of bedding[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2016，44(4)：35−39.

[23] 严鹏，张晨，高启栋，等. 不同损伤程度下岩石力学参数变化的声波测试[J]. 岩土力学，2015，36(12)：3425−3432.

YAN Peng，ZHANG Chen，GAO Qidong，et al. Acoustic wave test on mechanical properties variation of rocks under different damage degrees[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2015，36(12)：3425−3432.

[24] 樊秀峰，简文彬. 砂岩疲劳特性的超声波速法试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2008，27(3)：557−563.

FAN Xiufeng，JIAN Wenbin. Experimental research on fatigue characteristics of sandstone using ultrasonic wave velocity method[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2008，27(3)：557−563.

[25] 周枫. 裂隙对煤岩超声波速度影响的实验：以沁水盆地石炭系煤层为例[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2012，40(2)：71−74.

ZHOU Feng. Experiment of influence of fractures on coal/rock acoustic velocity：With Carboniferous seams of Qinshui Basin as example[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2012，40(2)：71−74.

[26] 李化敏，王开林，李回贵，等. 神东矿区弱胶结砂岩的力学及声发射特征研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2018，35(4)：843−851.

LI Huamin，WANG Kailin，LI Huigui，et al. Study on mechanical and acoustic emission characteristics of weakly cementation sandstone in Shendong coal field[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2018，35(4)：843−851.

[27] 王常彬，曹安业，井广成，等. 单轴受载下岩体破裂演化特征的声发射CT成像[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35(10)：2044−2053.

WANG Changbin，CAO Anye，JING Guangcheng，et al. Evolution characteristics of rock fracture under uniaxial loading by combining acoustic emission and CT imaging[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2016，35(10)：2044−2053.

[28] 贾蓬，毛松泽，孙占阳，等. 冻融损伤砂岩的能量演化及分段本构模型[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版)，2023，54(3)：908−919.

JIA Peng，MAO Songze，SUN Zhanyang，et al. Energy evolution and piecewise constitutive model of freeze–thaw damaged sandstone[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)，2023，54(3)：908−919.

[29] 徐颖，李成杰，郑强强，等. 循环加卸载下泥岩能量演化与损伤特性分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2019，38(10)：2084−2091.

XU Ying，LI Chengjie，ZHENG Qiangqiang，et al. Analysis of energy evolution and damage characteristics of mudstone under cyclic loading and unloading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2019，38(10)：2084−2091.

[30] 侯志强，袁瑞甫，李长洪，等. 直接拉伸荷载下大理岩和砂岩的Kaiser效应与频谱特性分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(增刊1)：41−51.

HOU Zhiqiang，YUAN Ruifu，LI Changhong，et al. Analysis of Kaiser effect and frequency spectrum of marble and sandstone under direct tensile load[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(Sup.1)：41−51.

[31] HARTE D，VERE–JONES D. The entropy score and its uses in earthquake forecasting[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics，2005，162(6/7)：1229−1253.

[32] LI Huigui，LI Huamin. Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of thick hard roof sandstone in Shendong coal field[J]. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology，2017，4(2)：147−158.

[33] 赖于树，熊燕，程龙飞. 受载混凝土破坏全过程声发射信号频带能量特征[J]. 振动与冲击，2014，33(10)：177−182.

LAI Yushu，XIONG Yan，CHENG Longfei. Frequency band energy characteristics of acoustic emission signals in damage process of concrete under uniaxial compression[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2014，33(10)：177−182.

[34] ZHANG Wei，ZHANG Baoliang，ZHAO Tongbin. Study on the law of failure acoustic–thermal signal of weakly cemented fractured rock with different dip angles[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering，2023，56(6)：4557−4568.