Mechanisms and influential factors of rock bursts in tunneling roadways of extra-thick coal seams

Authors

PENG Yujie, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaFollow
WANG Qiang, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaFollow
CAO Anye, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining (CUMT), Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitoring and Prevention, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
XUE Chengchun, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
LYU Guowei, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
HAO Qi, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
LIU Yaoqi, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
BAI Xianxi, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
LI Dong, School of Mine Safety, North China Institute of Science & Technology, Langfang 065201, China

Abstract

Objective Rock bursts occur frequently in tunneling roadways of extra-thick coal seams, significantly constraining safe coal mining. Investigating their mechanisms and influential factors is crucial to preventing and controlling such disasters in tunneling roadways of extra-thick coal seams. Methods Focusing on the tunneling roadway of mining face 250107-1 for an extra-thick coal seam within a coal mine in Gansu Province, this study established the discriminant indices for rock burst-induced roadway instability. By simulating the energy distribution patterns of surrounding rocks in the tunneling roadway using the FLAC^3D software, this study revealed the zonal energy characteristics of the surrounding rocks and the mechanisms behind rock bursts in the tunneling roadway. Accordingly, this study analyzed the damage degrees of surrounding rocks of the tunneling roadway and the potential rock burst risk under different factors. Results and Conclusions The results indicate that the surrounding rocks of the tunneling roadway can be classified into areas according to elastic strain energy: energy accumulation, release, and buffer zones. The elastic strain energy accumulation zone serves as the principal source of the rock burst risk in the tunneling roadway, while the plastic dissipation energy accumulation zone is the primary damage zone of the surrounding rocks. The unloading and tunneling-induced disturbance increased both the elastic energy accumulation of deep surrounding rocks and the damage degree of shallow surrounding rocks. Then, a large quantity of the elastic energy accumulated in the deep rock masses was released, leading to the instantaneous displacement of the shallow damaged surrounding rocks. This induced rock bursts. The potential rock burst risk on both sides of the roadway increased with horizontal tectonic stress. In contrast, potential rock burst risk in coals on the top and bottom of the roadway increased and then decreased with an increase in the mining disturbance stress. Dynamic loading disturbance produced significant impacts on the damage degree of the surrounding rocks, and the potential rock burst risk gradually shifted to both sides of the roadway. Based on these results, this study proposed a synergistic rock burst prevention and control philosophy consisting of pressure relief, load reduction, and reinforcement for the tunneling roadways of extra-thick coal seams, effectively reducing the rock burst risk during roadway tunneling. This study provides a reference for the prevention and control of rock bursts in tunneling roadways of extra-thick coal seams.

Keywords

extra-thick coal seam, tunneling roadway, rock burst, energy evolution, influential factor

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.07.0500

Recommended Citation

PENG Yujie, WANG Qiang, CAO Anye, et al. (2024) "Mechanisms and influential factors of rock bursts in tunneling roadways of extra-thick coal seams," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 52: Iss. 12, Article 4.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.07.0500
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol52/iss12/4

Reference

[1] 王虹，陈明军，张小峰. 我国煤矿快速掘进20a发展与展望[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(2)：1199−1213.

WANG Hong，CHEN Mingjun，ZHANG Xiaofeng. Twenty years development and prospect of rapid coal mine roadway excavation in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(2)：1199−1213.

[2] 陈梁，孟庆彬，戚振豪，等. 深部厚煤层采动巷道失稳特征及锚网索注梯级支护技术[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2024，41(3)：533−548.

CHEN Liang，MENG Qingbin，QI Zhenhao，et al. Instability features of mining roadway in deep-thick coal seam and progressive bolt-mesh-cable-grouting support technology[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2024，41(3)：533−548.

[3] 朱斯陶，姜福兴，刘金海，等. 复合厚煤层巷道掘进冲击地压机制及监测预警技术[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(5)：1659−1670.

ZHU Sitao，JIANG Fuxing，LIU Jinhai，et al. Mechanism and monitoring and early warning technology of rock burst in the heading face of compound thick coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(5)：1659−1670.

[4] 白连储. 复杂条件下倾斜煤层巷道围岩差异化控制技术研究与应用[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2023.

BAI Lianchu. Research and application of differential control technology for surrounding rocks of inclined coal seam tunnels under complex conditions[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2023.

[5] 张晨阳，潘俊锋，夏永学，等. 底煤厚度对巷道底板冲击地压的影响机制及其应用分析[J]. 煤炭学报，2020，45(12)：3984−3994.

ZHANG Chenyang，PAN Junfeng，XIA Yongxue，et al. Influence mechanism and application analysis of bottom coal layer thickness on floor rock burst[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2020，45(12)：3984−3994.

[6] 高孝鹏. 巨厚关键层下冲击地压防控的小盘区大煤柱布局模式研究[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2022.

GAO Xiaopeng. Research on layout mode of small panel andlarge coal pillar for rock burst prevention andcontrol under huge thick key stratum[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2022.

[7] 王书文. 掘进巷道冲击地压时滞性特征及机理研究[D]. 北京：中国矿业大学(北京)，2022.

WANG Shuwen. Study on time-lag characteristics and mechanism of rockburst in tunneling roadw[D]. Beijing：China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)，2022.

[8] SALAMON M D G. Energy considerations in rock mechanics：Fundamental results[J]. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy，1984，84(8)：233−246.

[9] WALSH J B. Energy changes due to mining[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geo-mechanics Abstracts，1977，14(1)：25−33.

[10] COOK N G W. The basic mechanics of rock bursts[J]. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy，1963，64(3)：71−81.

[11] 吴宇，郝阳，浦海，等. 煤岩体变形破坏的能量演化模型及冲击危险性评价[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2022，39(6)：1177−1186.

WU Yu，HAO Yang，PU Hai，et al. Energy evolution model and rock burst risk assessment for deformation and failure of coal-rock mass[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2022，39(6)：1177−1186.

[12] 陈昊祥，王明洋，戚承志，等. 深部圆形巷道围岩能量的调整机制及平衡关系[J]. 岩土工程学报，2020，42(10)：1849−1857.

CHEN Haoxiang，WANG Mingyang，QI Chengzhi，et al. Mechanism of energy adjustment and balance of rock masses near a deep circular tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2020，42(10)：1849−1857.

[13] SU Guoshao，REN Hongyu，JIANG Jianqing，et al. Experimental study on the characteristics of rockburst occurring at the working face during tunnel excavation[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2023，164：105347.

[14] 高旭. 基于蝶形破坏理论的巷道围岩冲击地压能量释放研究[D]. 北京：中国矿业大学(北京)，2024.

GAO Xu. Study on rock burst energy release of roadway surrounding rock based on butterfly failure theory[D]. Beijing：China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)，2024.

[15] 赵志强，马念杰，刘洪涛，等. 巷道蝶形破坏理论及其应用前景[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2018，47(5)：969−978.

ZHAO Zhiqiang，MA Nianjie，LIU Hongtao，et al. A butterfly failure theory of rock mass around roadway and its application prospect[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology，2018，47(5)：969−978.

[16] 赵志强，马念杰，郭晓菲，等. 大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机理与控制[J]. 煤炭学报，2016，41(12)：2932−2939.

ZHAO Zhiqiang，MA Nianjie，GUO Xiaofei，et al. Falling principle and support design of butterfly-failure roof in large deformation mining roadways[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2016，41(12)：2932−2939.

[17] 王书文，鞠文君，潘俊锋，等. 构造应力场煤巷掘进冲击地压能量分区演化机制[J]. 煤炭学报，2019，44(7)：2000−2010.

WANG Shuwen，JU Wenjun，PAN Junfeng，et al. Mechanism of energy partition evolution of excavation roadway rockburst in coal seam under tectonic stress field[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2019，44(7)：2000−2010.

[18] 沈威. 煤层巷道掘进围岩应力路径转换及其冲击机理研究[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2018.

SHEN Wei. Study on stress path variation of surrounding rock and mechanism of rockburst in coal roadway excavation[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2018.

[19] 沈威，窦林名，贺虎，等. 实体煤掘进加卸载路径下的冲击机理及防控研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2019，36(4)：768−776.

SHEN Wei，DOU Linming，HE Hu，et al. Study on mechanism and prevention of rock burst under loading and unloading path in solid coal driving[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2019，36(4)：768−776.

[20] 李兵. 张双楼煤矿冲击地压隐蔽致灾因素分析及治理技术研究[J]. 中国煤炭，2022，48(增刊2)：76–85.

LI Bing. Analysis of the rock burst hidden disaster-causing factors and study on the control technology in Zhangshuanglou Coal Mine[J]. China Coal，2022，48(Sup.2)：76–85.

[21] 史先锋. 复杂条件下特厚煤层动力灾害防治研究[D]. 北京：北京科技大学，2017.

SHI Xianfeng. Control of dynamic disaster in extra thick coal seams under complex conditions[D]. Beijing：University of Science and Technology Beijing，2017.

[22] 姜良金，何清波，卢佳欣，等. 倾斜厚煤层沿空巷道变形破坏特征及支护控制技术研究[J]. 中国煤炭，2023，49(3)：48−54.

JIANG Liangjin，HE Qingbo，LU Jiaxin，et al. Research on the deformation and failure characteristics and support control technology of gob-side roadway in inclined and thick coal seam[J]. China Coal，2023，49(3)：48−54.

[23] 朱斯陶. 特厚煤层开采冲击地压机理与防治研究[D]. 北京：北京科技大学，2017.

ZHU Sitao. Mechanism and prevention of rockburst in extra-thick coal seams mining[D]. Beijing：University of Science and Technology Beijing，2017.

[24] 黄庆享，赵灿，杜君武，等. 浅埋煤层快速掘进巷帮蠕变效应及滞后支护[J]. 西安科技大学学报，2023，43(2)：219−227.

HUANG Qingxiang，ZHAO Can，DU Junwu，et al. Creep effect and lag support of laneway’s side in rapid excavation of shallow seam[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology，2023，43(2)：219−227.

[25] 陈志维，张彦董. 窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩稳定协同控制技术研究与应用[J]. 矿业安全与环保，2023，50(1)：65−70.

CHEN Zhiwei，ZHANG Yandong. Research and application of coordinated control technology for surrounding rock stability of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection，2023，50(1)：65−70.

[26] 彭林军，吴家遥，何满潮，等. 深部特厚煤层综放沿空掘巷煤柱优化及巷道支护[J]. 西安科技大学学报，2024，44(3)：563−574.

PENG Linjun，WU Jiayao，HE Manchao，et al. Optimization of coal pillar and tunnel support for fully mechanized caving along gob in deep and extra thick coal seams[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology，2024，44(3)：563−574.

[27] 窦林名，姜耀东，曹安业，等. 煤矿冲击矿压动静载的“应力场–震动波场” 监测预警技术[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2017，36(4)：803−811.

DOU Linming，JIANG Yaodong，CAO Anye，et al. Monitoring and pre-warning of rockburst hazard with technology of stress field and wave field in underground coalmines[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2017，36(4)：803−811.

[28] 窦林名，何江，曹安业，等. 动载诱发冲击机理及其控制对策探讨[C]//中国煤炭学会. 中国煤炭学会成立五十周年高层学术论坛论文集. 中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室矿业工程学院，2012.

[29] 蔡武. 断层型冲击矿压的动静载叠加诱发原理及其监测预警研究[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2015.

CAI Wu. Fault rockburst induced by static and dynamicloads superposition and its monitoring and warning[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2015.

[30] 蒋华. 向斜轴区域采场围岩破裂特征及其与微震活动的相关性研究[D]. 北京：北京科技大学，2020.

JIANG Hua. Research on fracture characteristic of surrounding rock and the relationship with microseismic actibity in synclinal axis region[D]. Beijing：University of Science and Technology Beijing，2020.

[31] 王学滨，张智慧，潘一山，等. 岩石峰后脆性对圆形巷道围岩破坏及能量释放影响的数值模拟：兼谈滑移线与分区破裂化现象的差别[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报，2013，33(1)：11−17.

WANG Xuebin，ZHANG Zhihui，PAN Yishan，et al. Numerical simulation of the influence of post-peak brittleness on the failure and energy liberation in the surrounding rock of a circular tunnel：Discussion on the difference between slip lines and zonal disintegration[J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering，2013，33(1)：11−17.

[32] LUO Song，GONG Fengqiang. Evaluation of energy storage and release potentials of highly stressed rock pillar from rockburst control perspectives[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，2023，163：105324.

[33] 潘俊锋. 煤矿冲击地压物理分解与分源防控关键技术[R]. 新疆维吾尔自治区：神华新疆能源有限责任公司，2020.

[34] 赵阳升，冯增朝，万志军. 岩体动力破坏的最小能量原理[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2003，22(11)：1781−1783.

ZHAO Yangsheng，FENG Zengchao，WAN Zhijun. Least energy priciple of dynamical failure of rock mass[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2003，22(11)：1781−1783.

[35] 谢和平，鞠杨，黎立云. 基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2005，24(17)：3003−3010.

XIE Heping，JU Yang，LI Liyun. Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2005，24(17)：3003−3010.

[36] 朱小景，潘一山，齐庆新，等. 矿震诱发巷道冲击地压力学机制及判别准则研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2024，41(3)：493−503.

ZHU Xiaojing，PAN Yishan，QI Qingxin，et al. Study on mechanical mechanism and criterion of roadway rockburst induced by mine earthquake[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2024，41(3)：493−503.

[37] 陈金宇，王社新，贾金河，等. 卸压钻孔对锚索作用的影响及控制方法研究[J]. 矿业安全与环保，2022，49(6)：68−72.

CHEN Jinyu，WANG Shexin，JIA Jinhe，et al. Study on the effect and control of the pressure relief borehole on anchor cable[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection，2022，49(6)：68−72.

[38] 袁艳梅，乔伟，欧聪，等. 上覆坚硬厚顶板煤岩卸压增透数值模拟及应用研究[J]. 矿业安全与环保，2024，51(2)：67−73.

YUAN Yanmei，QIAO Wei，OU Cong，et al. Numerical and application study on pressure relief and antireflection of overlying hard thick roof coal-rock[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection，2024，51(2)：67−73.