Mechanisms behind mine earthquake-induced dynamic instability of thick top coals in high-stresses roadways

Authors

ZHOU Kunyou, Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, ChinaFollow
DOU Linming, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaFollow
CAO Anye, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
MA Yankun, Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
KAN Jiliang, School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
LI Jiazhuo, School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
MA Xiaotao, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

Abstract

Objective Thick top coals are common in roadways excavated along the bottom of thick coal seams. Mine earthquakes along the mining face can exert dynamic loading on thick top coals in roadways, prone to induce the dynamic instability of thick top coals and even roof fall-rock burst compound disasters. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the mechanisms behind the dynamic instability of thick top coals in roadways under dynamic loading induced by mine earthquakes. Methods This study investigated a roadway of deep thick top coals in the Binchang mining area, Shaanxi. Specifically, this study analyzed the dynamic instability characteristics of deep thick top coals in the high-stress roadway, investigated the multi-field evolutionary patterns of thick top coals in the roadway under different static/dynamic loading using numerical simulations, and determined the mechanisms behind the mine earthquake-induced dynamic instability of thick top coals in high-stress roadways. Results and Conclusions The results indicate that the roof fall zone of thick top coals in the roadway is far from the mining face. Roof falls were followed by the exposure of the flat roof and the breaking of anchor cables in the roof. Concurrently, high-energy mine earthquakes occurred near the roof fall zone, resulting in roof fall-rock burst compound disasters. An increase in static load corresponded to continuously increasing fracture depths and deformations of surrounding rocks in the roadway. As the time and intensity of dynamic loading increased, the vibration velocity, acceleration, and fracture developmental degree of top coals increased gradually, along with significantly increasing detachment layer number of top coals. The anchor bolts and cables for the roof, all located in the fracture zone of top coals, showed significantly reduced support performance. Under the static/dynamic loading, the cumulative damage and detachment layer number of thick top coals in the roadway increase gradually. The dynamic loading induced by high-energy mine earthquakes leads to significantly elevated vibration velocity and acceleration of shallow broken top coals. Consequently, the anchor cables break off when the load acting on them exceeds their bearing capacities, and the shallow broken coals fall at a relatively high speed, thus inducing the dynamic instability of thick top coals and even roof fall-rock burst compound disasters. Based on these results, this study proposes preventing and controlling the dynamic instability of deep thick top coals in roadways by reconstructing the active and passive supports of thick top coals and reinforcing pressure relief.

Keywords

deep mining, thick top coal in a roadway, mining-induced earthquake, multi-field evolution, support structure, dynamic instability

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.06.0419

Recommended Citation

ZHOU Kunyou, DOU Linming, CAO Anye, et al. (2024) "Mechanisms behind mine earthquake-induced dynamic instability of thick top coals in high-stresses roadways," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 52: Iss. 10, Article 4.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.24.06.0419
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol52/iss10/4

Reference

[1] 曹安业，窦林名，白贤栖，等. 我国煤矿矿震发生机理及治理现状与难题[J]. 煤炭学报，2023，48(5)：1894−1918.

CAO Anye，DOU Linming，BAI Xianxi，et al. State-of-the-art occurrence mechanism and hazard control of mining tremors and their challenges in Chinese coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2023，48(5)：1894−1918.

[2] 李俊平，管婷婷，冯嘉禹，等. 矿震与冲击地压防治研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报，2024，34(1)：85−93.

LI Junping，GUAN Tingting，FENG Jiayu，et al. Research progress on prevention and control of mine earthquake and rock burst[J]. China Safety Science Journal，2024，34(1)：85−93.

[3] 张广超，张广有，周广磊，等. 多工作面连续开采地表沉陷与强矿震联动响应规律[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报，2024，6(1)：117−130.

ZHANG Guangchao，ZHANG Guangyou，ZHOU Guanglei，et al. The linking response law of surface subsidence and strong mine earthquake in continuous mining of multiple working faces[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering，2024，6(1)：117−130.

[4] 潘一山，代连朋，李国臻，等. 煤矿冲击地压与冒顶复合灾害研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2021，46(1)：112−122.

PAN Yishan，DAI Lianpeng，LI Guozhen，et al. Study on compound disaster of rock burst and roof falling in coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021，46(1)：112−122.

[5] 郭晓菲，郭林峰，马念杰，等. 巷道围岩蝶形破坏理论的适用性分析[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2020，49(4)：646−653.

GUO Xiaofei，GUO Linfeng，MA Nianjie，et al. Applicability analysis of the roadway butterfly failure theory[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology，2020，49(4)：646−653.

[6] WANG Qingfei，PAN R，JIANG Bei，et al. Study on failure mechanism of roadway with soft rock in deep coal mine and confined concrete support system[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2017，81：155−177.

[7] 赵志强. 大变形回采巷道围岩变形破坏机理与控制方法研究[D]. 北京：中国矿业大学(北京)，2014.

ZHAO Zhiqiang. Mechanism of surrounding rock deformation and failure and control method research in large deformation mining roadway[D]. Beijing：China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing)，2014.

[8] GUO Xiaofei，ZHAO Zhiqiang，GAO Xu，et al. Analytical solutions for characteristic radii of circular roadway surrounding rock plastic zone and their application[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology，2019，29(2)：263−272.

[9] 贾后省，李国盛，王路瑶，等. 采动巷道应力场环境特征与冒顶机理研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2017，34(4)：707−714.

JIA Housheng，LI Guosheng，WANG Luyao，et al. Characteristics of stress-field environment and roof falling mechanism of mining influenced roadway[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2017，34(4)：707−714.

[10] 马念杰，李季，赵志强. 圆形巷道围岩偏应力场及塑性区分布规律研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2015，44(2)：206−213.

MA Nianjie，LI Ji，ZHAO Zhiqiang. Distribution of the deviatoric stress field and plastic zone in circular roadway surrounding rock[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology，2015，44(2)：206−213.

[11] 李季，马念杰，赵志强. 回采巷道蝶叶形冒顶机理及其控制技术[J]. 煤炭科学技术，2017，45(12)：46−52.

LI Ji，MA Nianjie，ZHAO Zhiqiang. Butterfly leaf type roof falling mechanism and control technology of mining gateway[J]. Coal Science and Technology，2017，45(12)：46−52.

[12] 窦林名，周坤友，宋士康，等. 煤矿冲击矿压机理、监测预警及防控技术研究[J]. 工程地质学报，2021，29(4)：917−932.

DOU Linming，ZHOU Kunyou，SONG Shikang，et al. Occurrence mechanism，monitoring and prevention technology of rockburst in coal mines[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2021，29(4)：917−932.

[13] ZHOU Kunyou，MAŁKOWSKI P，DOU Linming，et al. Using elastic wave velocity anomaly to predict rockburst hazard in coal mines[J]. Archives of Mining Sciences，2023，68(1)：141−164.

[14] 姜耀东，赵毅鑫. 我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状：机制、预警与控制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2015，34(11)：2188−2204.

JIANG Yaodong，ZHAO Yixin. State of the art：Investigation on mechanism，forecast and control of coal bumps in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2015，34(11)：2188−2204.

[15] CAI Wu，DOU Linming，SI Guangyao，et al. Fault-induced coal burst mechanism under mining-induced static and dynamic stresses[J]. Engineering，2021，7(5)：687−700.

[16] 吴学明，马小辉，吕大钊，等. 彬长矿区“井上下” 立体防治冲击地压新模式[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2023，51(3)：19−26.

WU Xueming，MA Xiaohui，LYU Dazhao，et al. A new model of surface and underground integrated three-dimensional prevention and control of rock burst in Binchang mining area[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2023，51(3)：19−26.

[17] 史新帅，靖洪文，赵振龙，等. 大尺度三维巷道冲击地压灾变演化与失稳模拟试验系统研制与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2021，40(3)：556−565.

SHI Xinshuai，JING Hongwen，ZHAO Zhenlong，et al. Development and application of a large scale 3D roadway rockburst disaster evolution and instability simulation test system[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2021，40(3)：556−565.

[18] 曹安业，郭文豪，温颖远，等. 托顶煤巷道锚固“梁–拱” 结构分类及顶板冲击失稳机制[J]. 煤炭学报，2024，49(4)：1752−1770.

CAO Anye，GUO Wenhao，WEN Yingyuan，et al. Classification and instability mechanism of anchored “beam-arch” composite structure in rock burst roadways with top-coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2024，49(4)：1752−1770.

[19] 孙泽权，蒋力帅，郭涛，等. 动载扰动下复合顶板巷道围岩变形破坏特征[J]. 煤炭技术，2022，41(1)：13−19.

SUN Zequan，JIANG Lishuai，GUO Tao，et al. Characteristics of surrounding rock deformation and failure of composite roof roadway under dynamic load disturbance[J]. Coal Technology，2022，41(1)：13−19.

[20] 刘学生，范德源，谭云亮，等. 深部动载作用下超大断面硐室群锚固围岩破坏失稳机制研究[J]. 岩土力学，2021，42(12)：3407−3418.

LIU Xuesheng，FAN Deyuan，TAN Yunliang，et al. Failure and instability mechanism of anchored surrounding rock for deep chamber group with super-large section under dynamic disturbances[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2021，42(12)：3407−3418.

[21] 温鹏飞. 顶板破断动载作用下巷道锚固系统的损伤规律研究[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2020.

WEN Pengfei. Study on damage law of roadway anchorage system under dynamic load of roof breaking[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2020.

[22] 靖洪文，吴疆宇，尹乾，等. 动载扰动下深部煤巷冲击冒顶的颗粒流数值模拟研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2020，39(增刊2)：3475−3487.

JING Hongwen，WU Jiangyu，YIN Qian，et al. Particle flow simulation of rock burst and roof fall of deep coal roadway under dynamic disturbance[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2020，39(Sup.2)：3475−3487.

[23] 陆银龙，韩磊，吴开智，等. 特厚煤层沿空掘巷力源结构特征与围岩协同控制策略[J]. 中国矿业大学学报，2024，53(2)：238−249.

LU Yinlong，HAN Lei，WU Kaizhi，et al. Characteristics of stress sources and comprehensive control strategies for surrounding rocks of gob-side driving entry in extra thick coal seam[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology，2024，53(2)：238−249.

[24] 周坤友. 巨厚承压含水关键层的作用效应及疏水调压聚能诱冲机理[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2022.

ZHOU Kunyou. Effect of extra-thick and water-bearing key strata and its inducing rockburst mechanism by the drainage of confined water through stress adjustment and energy accumulation[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2022.

[25] 曹晋荣，窦林名，何江，等. 急倾斜特厚煤层工作面非对称冲击矿压机理[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2023，40(2)：334−345.

CAO Jinrong，DOU Linming，HE Jiang，et al. Mechanism of asymmetric coal bursts on the working face in steeply inclined and extra-thick coal seam[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2023，40(2)：334−345.

[26] 朱广安，蒋启鹏，伍永平，等. 应力波扰动作用下断层滑移失稳的数值反演[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2021，38(2)：370−379.

ZHU Guang’an，JIANG Qipeng，WU Yongping，et al. Numerical inversion of dynamic behavior of fault slip instability induced by stress waves[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering，2021，38(2)：370−379.

[27] ZHOU Kunyou，DOU Linming，LI Xuwei，et al. Coal burst and mining-induced stress evolution in a deep isolated main entry area：A case study[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis，2022，137：106289.