Mechanical behavior and failure response characteristics of hard sandstones considering bedding dip angles

Authors

SONG Zhanping, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, China; Institute of Tunnel and Underground Structure Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaFollow
LIU Hongke, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, China
ZHENG Fang, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, China; Institute of Tunnel and Underground Structure Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaFollow
CHENG Yun, School of Civil Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
SUN Yinhao, The First Engineering Co., Ltd., of China Railway 20th Bureau Group Corporation, Suzhou 215000, China
SONG Wanxue, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, China; Institute of Tunnel and Underground Structure Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

Abstract

This study focuses on the mechanical behavior and failure responses of hard sandstones considering bedding dip angles. Through uniaxial compression tests of hard sandstones with different bedding dip angles, this study delved into the influence of bedding dip angles on the mechanical behavior of hard sandstones and the relationship between the bedding dip angles and fractal characteristics of hard sandstone fragments. The test results show that bedding dip angles produced negligible effects on the type of the stress-strain curves of hard sandstones. However, low dip angles (0°, 22.5°, and 45°) corresponded to unimodal curves, while high dip angles (67.5° and 90°) were associated with multimodal curves, with curve fluctuations primarily approaching peaks. At a dip angle of 67.5° (the most unfavorable bedding plane), peak stress σ_d and peak strain ε_d reached their minimum values of 46.25 MPa and 9.80×10⁻³, respectively. Bedding dip angles displayed more significant effects on the stress than on the strain of hard sandstones. Under the influence of bedding dip angles, hard sandstones manifested low anisotropy, with anisotropy degrees ranging from 1.32‒1.64. With an increase in the bedding dip angle, hard sandstones experienced the damage failure evolution from shear failure to shear-tension compound failure, then the shear failure of bedding planes, and finally splitting failure. Under uniaxial compression, hard sandstone fragments displayed distinct mass and fractal characteristics, dominated by moderate-size fragments. Furthermore, bedding dip angles had negligible effects on the mass distribution of fine-grained fragments, which exhibited fractal dimensions from 1−2. Additionally, a large proportion of fragments measured large sizes. The results of this study can serve as a theoretical reference for research on the stability of rocks with bedding planes and the disaster prevention and control of underground space engineering.

Keywords

hard sandstone, uniaxial compression, bedding dip angle, failure response, fractal dimension, deformation characteristics

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.23.05.0227

Recommended Citation

SONG Zhanping, LIU Hongke, ZHENG Fang, et al. (2023) "Mechanical behavior and failure response characteristics of hard sandstones considering bedding dip angles," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 51: Iss. 12, Article 25.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.23.05.0227
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol51/iss12/25

Reference

[1] 罗宁，索云琛，张浩浩，等. 循环冲击层理煤岩动力学行为及破坏规律研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击，2023，43(4)：043102.

LUO Ning，SUO Yunchen，ZHANG Haohao，et al. On dynamic behaviors and failure of bedding coal rock subjected to cyclic impact[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves，2023，43(4)：043102.

[2] 祁敬茗，张红丹，周磊，等. 基于离散元法三裂纹岩石裂纹扩展特征的试验与数值研究[J/OL]. 矿业安全与环保. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/50.1062.TD.20230404.1334.002.html.

QI Jingming，ZHANG Hongdan，ZHOU Lei，et al. Experimental and numerical study of crack propagation characteristics of tri-cracked rocks based on discrete element method[J/OL]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/50.1062.TD.20230404.1334.002.html.

[3] 王聪聪，李江腾，林杭，等. 板岩单轴压缩各向异性力学特征[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版)，2016，47(11)：3759−3764.

WANG Congcong，LI Jiangteng，LIN Hang，et al. Anisotropic mechanical characteristics of slate in uniaxial compression[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)，2016，47(11)：3759−3764.

[4] 冯小磊，马振乾，陈安民. 干湿循环作用下红页岩力学特性与能量特征研究[J]. 矿业安全与环保，2023，50(4)：47−54.

FENG Xiaolei，MA Zhenqian，CHEN Anmin. Study on mechanical and energy characteristics of red shale under wettingdrying cycle[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection，2023，50(4)：47−54.

[5] 李斌，黄达，马文著. 层理面特性对砂岩断裂力学行为的影响研究[J]. 岩土力学，2020，41(3)：858−868.

LI Bin，HUANG Da，MA Wenzhu. Study on the influence of bedding plane on fracturing behavior of sandstone[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2020，41(3)：858−868.

[6] GAO Quan，TAO Junliang，HU Jianying，et al. Laboratory study on the mechanical behaviors of an anisotropic shale rock[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，2015，7(2)：213−219.

[7] 赵振峰，刘汉斌，杜现飞，等. 页岩油藏多段水平井压后关井阶段压力扩散数学模型研究[J]. 地质与勘探，2022，58(3)：686−696.

ZHAO Zhenfeng，LIU Hanbin，DU Xianfei，et al. Pressure diffusion at the shut-in stage of multi-section horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs[J]. Geology and Exploration，2022，58(3)：686−696.

[8] 贾炳，魏建平，温志辉，等. 基于层理影响的煤样加载过程声发射差异性分析[J]. 煤田地质与勘探，2016，44(4)：35−39.

JIA Bing，WEI Jianping，WEN Zhihui，et al. The analysis of the differences of acoustic emission during loading process based on the influence of bedding[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration，2016，44(4)：35−39.

[9] NIANDOU H，SHAO J F，HENRY J P，et al. Laboratory investigation of the mechanical behaviour of Tournemire shale[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences，1997，34(1)：3−16.

[10] 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部，中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 工程岩体试验方法标准：GB/T 50266—2013[S]. 北京：中国计划出版社，2013.

[11] 余思昕，肖杰灵，景璞，等. 单轴荷载下聚氨酯固化道床碎石道砟体压缩性能研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报，2021，18(5)：1113−1120.

YU Sixin，XIAO Jieling，JING Pu，et al. Compression performance of polyurethane reinforced ballast bed ballast body under uniaxial load[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering，2021，18(5)：1113−1120.

[12] 侯宪港. 单轴压缩条件下弱胶结砂岩的力学及声发射特性研究[D]. 沈阳：东北大学，2014.

HOU Xiangang. Mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of weakly cemented sandstone under uniaxial compression[D]. Shenyang：Northeastern University，2014.

[13] 刘泉声，胡云华，刘滨. 基于试验的花岗岩渐进破坏本构模型研究[J]. 岩土力学，2009，30(2)：289−296.

LIU Quansheng，HU Yunhua，LIU Bin. Progressive damage constitutive models of granite based on experimental results[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2009，30(2)：289−296.

[14] 殷鹏飞. 层状复合岩石试样力学特性单轴压缩试验与颗粒流模拟研究[D]. 徐州：中国矿业大学，2016.

YIN Pengfei. Experiment and particle flow simulation on mechanical properties of layered composite rock under uniaxial compression[D]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology，2016.

[15] 徐志英. 岩石力学[M]. 北京：水利电力出版社，1993.

[16] 李卉，魏臣兴，俞宏伟，等. 基于声波测试法对鹰滩页岩各向异性分析[J]. 地质与勘探，2022，58(6)：1291−1300.

LI Hui，WEI Chenxing，YU Hongwei，et al. Anisotropic properties of the eagle ford shale by ultrasonic velocity measurements[J]. Geology and Exploration，2022，58(6)：1291−1300.

[17] 何柏，谢凌志，李凤霞，等. 龙马溪页岩各向异性变形破坏特征及其机理研究[J]. 中国科学：物理学 力学 天文学，2017，47(11)：114611.

HE Bo，XIE Lingzhi，LI Fengxia，et al. Anisotropic mechanism and characteristics of deformation and failure of Longmaxi shale[J]. Scientia Sinica–Physica Mechanica & Astronomica，2017，47(11)：114611.

[18] 张伯虎，马浩斌，田小朋，等. 层状页岩力学参数的各向异性研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报，2020，16(增刊2)：634−638.

ZHANG Bohu，MA Haobin，TIAN Xiaopeng，et al. Deep layered shale mechanical parameters anisotropy study[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering，2020，16(Sup.2)：634−638.

[19] 蔡美峰. 岩石力学与工程[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2015.

[20] 金解放，吴越，张睿，等. 冲击速度和轴向静载对红砂岩破碎及能耗的影响[J]. 爆炸与冲击，2020，40(10)：103101.

JIN Jiefang，WU Yue，ZHANG Rui，et al. Effect of impact velocity and axial static stress on fragmentation and energy dissipation of red sandstone[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves，2020，40(10)：103101.

[21] DEN OUTER A，KAASHOEK J F，HACK H R G K. Difficulties with using continuous fractal theory for discontinuity surfaces[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts，1995，32(1)：3−9.

[22] 姚精明，许自文，王建，等. 基于多重分形理论的冲击地压电磁辐射预测[J]. 矿业安全与环保，2021，48(5)：59−63.

YAO Jingming，XU Ziwen，WANG Jian，et al. Prediction of rock burst electromagnetic radiation based on multifractal theory[J]. Mining Safety & Environmental Protection，2021，48(5)：59−63.

[23] 何满潮，杨国兴，苗金丽，等. 岩爆实验碎屑分类及其研究方法[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(8)：1521−1529.

HE Manchao，YANG Guoxing，MIAO Jinli，et al. Classification and research methods of rockburst experimental fragments[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(8)：1521−1529.

[24] CHENG Yun，SONG Zhanping，SONG Wanxue，et al. Strain performance and fracture response characteristics of hard rock under cyclic disturbance loading[J]. Geomechanics and Engineering，2021，26(6)：551−563.