Acoustic emission characteristics and fracture response behavior of hard rock-like material under influence of loading rate

Authors

ZHANG Zekun, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, ChinaFollow
SONG Zhanping, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, ChinaFollow
CHENG Yun, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
HUO Runke, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, China
SONG Wanxue, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
WANG Kuisheng, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
WANG Tong, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering, Xi’an 710055, China
YANG Tengtian, China Railway Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China
LIU Wei, School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

Abstract

For the purpose of clarifying the correlation between Acoustic Emission(AE) and rupture response characteristics and loading rate in the failure and instability of hard rocks, uniaxial compression tests and acoustic emission tests were conducted on hard rock-like material samples at different loading rates to analyze the characteristics of mechanical parameters, AE phenomena and rupture response characteristics of hard rock-like material, and to obtain the early warning information of the rock failure based on the information on AE parameters. The results show that the peak strength, elastic modulus and peak strain of hard rock-like material have the loading rate effect. The mechanical parameters generally increase exponentially with the increasing loading rate. The mechanical parameters grow rapidly at relatively low loading rates(0.10-0.15 kN/s), and are slightly slower at relatively high loading rates(0.20-0.25 kN/s). The AE parameters evolution shows a phased growth trend, and the maximum increase is positively correlated with the loading rate. As the loading rate increases, the AE amplitude and amplitude density gradually increase; the AE ringing counts change from low value-low frequency to high value-high frequency, and the AE energy from slone type to group type. The loading rate has a significant impact on rupture mode and fracture form. With the increase of the loading rate, the rock samples gradually evolve from shear failure to tensile-shear composite failure and tensile failure, and gradually shows an explosion tendency when the rupture degree increases. The b values of AE experience an evolution stage of first rising, then fluctuating and finally falling with the increase of the loading time, showing a gradual decreasing trend. The critical failure precursor(b value) is 0.68. The warning time sequence of AE precursor information is accumulated AE ringing counts, accumulated energy, b value from large to small, showing good timeliness and reliability. The research results provide a useful reference for revealing the mechanical characteristics and early warning of failure precursor information of hard surrounding rocks.

Keywords

hard rock-like material, loading rate, acoustic emission characteristics, rupture response characteristics, early warning precursor information

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.08.0418

Recommended Citation

ZHANG Zekun, SONG Zhanping, CHENG Yun, et al. (2022) "Acoustic emission characteristics and fracture response behavior of hard rock-like material under influence of loading rate," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 50: Iss. 2, Article 15.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.21.08.0418
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol50/iss2/15

Reference

[1] 姚改焕,宋战平,余贤斌. 石灰岩声发射特性的试验研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(6):44−46. YAO Gaihuan,SONG Zhanping,YU Xianbin. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of limestone[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2006,34(6):44−46.

[2] 张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等. 单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584−2588. ZHANG Ru,XIE Heping,LIU Jianfeng,et al. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loadings[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584−2588.

[3] 左建平,谢和平,孟冰冰,等. 煤岩组合体分级加卸载特性的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学,2011,32(5):1287−1296. ZUO Jianping, XIE Heping,MENG Bingbing,et al. Experimental research on loading–unloading behavior of coal–rock combination bodies at different stress levels[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(5):1287−1296.

[4] 谢广祥,常聚才,华心祝. 开采速度对综放面围岩力学特征影响研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):963−967. XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai,HUA Xinzhu. Influence of mining velocity on mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock in fully mechanized top−coal caving face[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):963−967.

[5] 李福林,杨健,刘卫群,等. 单轴压缩条件下泥岩加载速率变化效应研究[J]. 岩土力学,2021,42(2):369−378. LI Fulin,YANG Jian,LIU Weiqun,et al. Effect of loading rate changing on the mechanical properties of mudstone under uniaxial compression[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2021,42(2):369−378.

[6] CHO S H,OGATA Y,KANEKO K. Strain−rate dependency of the dynamic tensile strength of rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):763−777.

[7] 薛东杰,周宏伟,王子辉,等. 不同加载速率下煤岩采动力学响应及破坏机制[J]. 煤炭学报,2016,41(3):595−602. XUE Dongjie,ZHOU Hongwei,WANG Zihui,et al. Failure mechanism and mining−induced mechanical properties of coal under different loading rates[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):595−602.

[8] 陈军涛,李明,程斌斌,等. 加载速率对大尺寸试样破裂特性的影响规律[J]. 煤田地质与勘探,2019,47(5):163−172. CHEN Juntao,LI Ming,CHENG Binbin,et al. Influence of loading rate on the fracture characteristics of large−size specimen[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2019,47(5):163−172.

[9] 于利强，姚强岭，徐强，等. 加载速率影响下裂隙细砂岩裂纹扩展试验及数值模拟研究[J/OL]. 煤炭学报，2021：1–15[2021–12–07]. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2020.1529.

YU Liqiang，YAO Qiangling，XU Qiang，et al. Experimental and numerical simulation study on crack propagation of fractured fine sandstone under the influence of loading rate[J/OL]. Journal of China Coal Society，2021：1−15[2021−12−07]. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2020.1529.

[10] MA Yankun,WANG Enyuan,XIAO Dong,et al. Acoustic emission generated during the gas sorption−desorption process in coal[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2012,22(3):391−397.

[11] 宋战平,刘京,谢强,等. 石灰岩声发射特性及其演化规律试验研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(4):61−65. SONG Zhanping,LIU Jing,XIE Qiang,et al. Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics and evolution regularities of limestone under different stress condition[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2013,41(4):61−65.

[12] 杨文君,谢强,班宇鑫,等. 变加载速率砂岩声发射特征及损伤本构模型[J]. 地下空间与工程学报,2021,17(1):71−79. YANG Wenjun,XIE Qiang,BAN Yuxin,et al. The acoustic emission characteristics and damage constitutive model of sandstone under variable loading rates[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2021,17(1):71−79.

[13] 张黎明,马绍琼,任明远,等. 不同围压下岩石破坏过程的声发射频率及b值特征[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2057−2063. ZHANG Liming,MA Shaoqiong,REN Mingyuan,et al. Acoustic emission frequency and b value characteristics in rock failure process under various confining pressures[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2057−2063.

[14] 甘一雄,吴顺川,任义,等. 基于声发射上升时间/振幅与平均频率值的花岗岩劈裂破坏评价指标研究[J]. 岩土力学,2020,41(7):2324−2332. GAN Yixiong,WU Shunchuan,REN Yi,et al. Evaluation indexes of granite splitting failure based on RA and AF of AE parameters[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2020,41(7):2324−2332.

[15] 葛振龙,孙强,王苗苗,等. 基于RA/AF的高温后砂岩破裂特征识别研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探,2021,49(2):176−183. GE Zhenlong,SUN Qiang,WANG Miaomiao,et al. Fracture feature recognition of sandstone after high temperature based on RA/AF[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration,2021,49(2):176−183.

[16] 侯永强,尹升华,曹永,等. 不同加载速率下胶结充填体损伤特性与能量耗散特征分析[J]. 湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2020,47(8):108−117. HOU Yongqiang,YIN Shenghua,CAO Yong,et al. Research on damage and energy dissipation characteristics of cemented backfill under different loading rates[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2020,47(8):108−117.

[17] 罗可,招国栋,曾佳君,等. 加载速率影响的单裂隙类岩石试样能量演化规律[J]. 应用力学学报,2020,37(3):1151−1159. LUO Ke,ZHAO Guodong,ZENG Jiajun,et al. Energy evolution of single fractured rock−like specimens affected by loading rate[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2020,37(3):1151−1159.

[18] 周辉,宋明,张传庆,等. 水平层状复合岩体变形破坏特征的围压效应研究[J]. 岩土力学,2019,40(2):465−473. ZHOU Hui,SONG Ming,ZHANG Chuanqing,et al. Effect of confining pressure on mechanical properties of horizontal layered composite rock[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2019,40(2):465−473.

[19] 尹大伟,陈绍杰,邢文彬,等. 不同加载速率下顶板–煤柱结构体力学行为试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报,2018,43(5):1249−1257. YIN Dawei,CHEN Shaojie,XING Wenbin,et al. Experimental study on mechanical behavior of roof−coal pillar structure body under different loading rates[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(5):1249−1257.

[20] 李永盛. 加载速率对红砂岩力学效应的试验研究[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版),1995,23(3):265−269. LI Yongsheng. Experimental analysis on the mechanical effects of loading rates on red sandstone[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Natural Sciences),1995,23(3):265−269.

[21] 孟召平，苏永华. 沉积岩体力学理论与方法[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2006.

[22] CHENG Yun,SONG Zhanping,SONG Wanxue,et al. Strain performance and fracture response characteristics of hard rock under cyclic loading[J]. Geomechanics and Engineering,2021,26(6):551−563.

[23] 张天军,景晨,王喜娜,等. 不同加载速率对含孔试样变形特性影响研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报,2021,38(4):847−856. ZHANG Tianjun,JING Chen,WANG Xina,et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of different loading rates on deformation characteristics of porous samples[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2021,38(4):847−856.

[24] 唐建新,张择靖,王艳磊,等. 不同加载速率下破碎岩石承压变形特性研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发,2021,41(6):89−96. TANG Jianxin,ZHANG Zejing,WANG Yanlei,et al. Research on compressive deformation characteristics of broken rock under different loading rates[J]. Mining Research and Development,2021,41(6):89−96.

[25] 刘希灵,潘梦成,李夕兵,等. 动静加载条件下花岗岩声发射b值特征的研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增刊1):3148−3155. LIU Xiling,PAN Mengcheng,LI Xibing,et al. Acoustic emission b–value characteristics of granite under dynamic loading and static loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Sup.1):3148−3155.

[26] SAGASTA F,ZITTO M E,PIOTRKOWSKI R,et al. Acoustic emission energy b–value for local damage evaluation in reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic loadings[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2018,102:262−277.

[27] OHTSU M,ISODA T,TOMODA Y. Acoustic emission techniques standardized for concrete structures[J]. Journal of Acoustic Emission,2007,25:21−32.

[28] 赵建军,樊奇,李鹏飞,等. 不同应力路径下英安岩声发射b值特征及破坏前兆[J]. 工程地质学报,2019,27(3):487−496. ZHAO Jianjun,FAN Qi,LI Pengfei,et al. Acoustic emission b value characteristics and failure precursor of the dacite under different stress paths[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology,2019,27(3):487−496.