Geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional facies shale and shale gas in Linxing area

Authors

CHEN Xin, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
WU Peng, China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100011, ChinaFollow
GAO Jixian, China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
HU Weiqiang, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
DING Wangui, China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
LI Yangbing, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
LIU Xueqing, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
MA Litao, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
LIU Cheng, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
KONG Wei, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
CAO Di, CNOOC Energy Technology-Drilling & Production Co., Tianjin 300452, China; CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited Key Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Unconventional Resources, Tianjin 300452, China
CHEN Jianqi, School of Geoscience and Surveying, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
LI Yong, School of Geoscience and Surveying, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Abstract

In order to reveal the geochemical characteristics of shale and shale gas on the east edge of Ordos Basin, thin section identification, full rock and clay content, scanning electron microscope, organic carbon, rock pyrolysis, kerogen macerals, and kerogen carbon isotopes were tested, and the gas component and carbon isotopes composition of shale were analyzed. The results show that the mineral component of the transitional facies shale in Linxing area is mainly quartz and clay minerals, containing a small amount of calcite, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, dolomite and pyrite. Affected by the mineral genesis and deposition environment, different mineral components and organic matter occur in different ways. There are two deposit patterns of quartz and organic matter, 3 patterns of clay minerals, and 4 patterns of pyrite. The organic matter type is Ⅱ₂-Ⅲ type, the average organic carbon content is greater than 2.0%, and the kerogen carbon isotopes are from –24.5‰ to –23.2‰. The vitrinite reflectivity is from 0.92% to 1.30%, t_max is 427~494℃, and the thermal evolution of organic matter reaches maturity. In shale gas, hydrocarbon gas is mainly methane, containing a small amount of ethane and propane, which is generally dry gas. The mean methane carbon isotope is –40.0‰, between marine shale gas and terrestrial shale gas, ethane carbon isotopes from –26.8‰ to –22.56‰, both more than –29 ‰, showing δ¹³C₁ < δ¹³C₂ < δ¹³C₃ positive carbon sequence. It is believed that the shale in the area has the potential to generate shale gas. The shale gas is mainly derived from humic shale in the upper Paleozoic boundary, which belongs to the organic thermal coal gas generated by the cracking of cheese root.

Keywords

eastern margin of Ordos Basin, marine-continental transitional facies, shale gas, geochemistry, genetic type

DOI

10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.06.002

Recommended Citation

CHEN Xin, WU Peng, GAO Jixian, et al. (2021) "Geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional facies shale and shale gas in Linxing area," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 49: Iss. 6, Article 3.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2021.06.002
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol49/iss6/3

Reference

[1] GUO Xusheng, HU Dongfeng, LIU Ruobing, et al. Geological conditions and exploration potential of Permian marine-continent transitional facies shale gas in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(10): 11-18. 郭旭升, 胡东风, 刘若冰, 等. 四川盆地二叠系海陆过渡相页岩气地质条件及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(10): 11-18.

[2] DONG Dazhong, WANG Yuman, LI Xinjing, et al. Breakthrough and prospect of shale gas exploration and development in China[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(1): 19-32. 董大忠, 王玉满, 李新景, 等. 中国页岩气勘探开发新突破及发展前景思考[J]. 天然气工业, 2016, 36(1): 19-32.

[3] ZOU Caineng, DONG Dazhong, WANG Yuman, et al. Shale gas in China: Characteristics, challenges and prospects(Ⅱ)[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(2): 166-178. 邹才能, 董大忠, 王玉满, 等. 中国页岩气特征、挑战及前景(二)[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(2): 166-178.

[4] LI Yong, WANG Yanbin, NI Xiaoming, et al. Study on identification and control system construction of low efficiency coalbed methane wells[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2020, 48(2): 185-193. 李勇, 王延斌, 倪小明, 等. 煤层气低效井成因判识及治理体系构建研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2020, 48(2): 185-193.

[5] XUE Chunqi, WU Jianguang, ZHONG Jianhua, et al. Characteristics of the marine-terrigenous interdepositional shale: A case study of Taiyuan Formation in Linxing area of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2019, 48(4): 870-881. 薛纯琦, 吴建光, 钟建华, 等. 海陆交互相沉积泥页岩发育特征研究: 以鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区太原组为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2019, 48(4): 870-881.

[6] WU Chenjun, ZHANG Mingfeng, LIU Yan, et al. Geochemical characteristics of Paleozoic shale in Sichuan Basin and their gas content features[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2013, 38(5): 794-799. 吴陈君, 张明峰, 刘艳, 等. 四川盆地古生界泥页岩的地球化学特征[J]. 煤炭学报, 2013, 38(5): 794-799.

[7] CAO Taotao, DENG Mo, LIU Hu, et al. Shale gas potential of Yanguanjie Formation and Longtan Formation in central and southeastern Hunan Province[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2019, 47(4): 94-103. 曹涛涛, 邓模, 刘虎, 等. 湘中与湘东南岩关阶组和龙潭组页岩气潜力[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2019, 47(4): 94-103.

[8] WEI Jianguang, TANG Shuheng, ZHANG Songhang, et al. Analysis on characteristics and influence factors of transitional facies shale pore in Ningwu Basin[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2018, 46(1): 78-85. 魏建光, 唐书恒, 张松航, 等. 宁武盆地山西组过渡相页岩孔隙特征及影响因素[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2018, 46(1): 78-85.

[9] LIU Jiaonan, ZHU Yanming, LIU Yu, et al. Characteristics of the mud shale reservoirs of transitional facies: With Qinshui Basin as an example[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2015, 43(6): 23-28. 刘娇男, 朱炎铭, 刘宇, 等. 海陆过渡相泥页岩储层特征研究: 以沁水盆地为例[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2015, 43(6): 23-28.

[10] GAO Bo. Geochemical characteristics of shale gas from Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its geological significance[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(6): 1173-1182. 高波. 四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(6): 1173-1182.

[11] CAO Chunhui, ZHANG Mingjie, TANG Qingyan, et al. Geochemical characteristics and implications of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(8): 1604-1612. 曹春辉, 张铭杰, 汤庆艳, 等. 四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩气气体地球化学特征及意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(8): 1604-1612.

[12] WANG Shengxiu, JIAO Weiwei, FANG Guangjian, et al. Geochemical features and genesis of shale gas of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in southeastern Chongqing[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2017, 22(4): 77-84. 汪生秀, 焦伟伟, 方光建, 等. 渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气地球化学特征及其成因分析[J]. 海相油气地质, 2017, 22(4): 77-84.

[13] HAN Hui, ZHONG Ningning, CHEN Cong, et al. The gas potential of Jurassic continental shale in the middle-small basins, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2014, 59(9): 809-815. 韩辉, 钟宁宁, 陈聪, 等. 西北地区中小型盆地侏罗系陆相泥页岩的含气性[J]. 科学通报, 2014, 59(9): 809-815.

[14] XU Hongwei, LI Xianqing, ZHOU Baogang, et al. Geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Yanchang Formation terrestrial shale gas in the Yanchang exploration area[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2017, 2(2): 99-108. 徐红卫, 李贤庆, 周宝刚, 等. 延长探区延长组陆相页岩气地球化学特征和成因[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2017, 2(2): 99-108.

[15] DU Yan, YU Bo, XU Min. Geochemical characteristics of shale gas from Yanchang Formation in southeastern Yishan slope[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2015, 35(1): 63-71. 杜燕, 于波, 徐敏. 伊陕斜坡东南部延长组页岩气地球化学特征分析[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2015, 35(1): 63-71.

[16] SUN Zepeng, WANG Yongli, WEI Zhifu, et al. Shale gas content and geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale: A case from the Shanxi Formation of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2017, 46(4): 859-868. 孙则朋, 王永莉, 魏志福, 等. 海陆过渡相页岩含气性及气体地球化学特征: 以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组页岩为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2017, 46(4): 859-868.

[17] CAO Jun, LIU Chenglin, MA Yinsheng, et al. Geochemical characteristics and genesis of shale gas for carboniferous marine-continental transitional facies coal measure strata in eastern Qaidam Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23(5): 158-166. 曹军, 刘成林, 马寅生, 等. 柴达木盆地东部石炭系海陆过渡相煤系页岩气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(5): 158-166.

[18] WU Xiaoli, LI Rongxi, LI Shangru, et al. Accumulation conditions and main factors of marine-continental transitional shale gas in the Lower Yangtze area of China: A case of Permian Leping Formation in the Pingle depression[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2018, 37(1): 160-168. 吴小力, 李荣西, 李尚儒, 等. 下扬子地区海陆过渡相页岩气成藏条件与主控因素: 以萍乐坳陷二叠系乐平组为例[J]. 地质科技情报, 2018, 37(1): 160-168.

[19] LIANG Qingshao, ZHANG Xiang, TIAN Jingchun, et al. Geological and geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale from the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation, Taikang Uplift, southern North China Basin[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 98: 229-242.

[20] LUO Wen, HOU Mingcai, LIU Xinchun, et al. Geological and geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, northwestern Guizhou, China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 89: 58-67.

[21] LIU Shunxi, WU Caifang, LI Teng, et al. Multiple geochemical proxies controlling the organic matter accumulation of the marine-continental transitional shale: A case study of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation, western Guizhou, China[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 56: 152-165.

[22] LI Yong, YANG Jianghao, PAN Zhejun, et al. Unconventional natural gas accumulations in stacked deposits: A discussion of Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing strata in the east margin of the Ordos Basin, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019, 93(1): 111-129.

[23] ZHANG Guotao, CHEN Xiaohong, ZHANG Baomin, et al. Gas-bearing characteristics and origin analysis of shale gas in Longtan Formation, Permian, Shaoyang Sag, Central Hunan[J]. Earth Science, 2019, 44(2): 539-550. 张国涛, 陈孝红, 张保民, 等. 湘中邵阳凹陷二叠系龙潭组页岩含气性特征与气体成因[J]. 地球科学, 2019, 44(2): 539-550.

[24] KUANG Lichun, DONG Dazhong, HE Wenyuan, et al. Geological characteristics and development potential of transitional shale gas in the east margin of the Ordos Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020, 47(3): 435-446. 匡立春, 董大忠, 何文渊, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘海陆过渡相页岩气地质特征及勘探开发前景[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020, 47(3): 435-446.

[25] HU Weiqiang, ZHAO Jingzhou, LI Jun, et al. Characteristics of source rocks and its controls on the formation and distribution of gas from Upper Paleozoic in southwest Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(6): 1068-1075. 胡维强, 赵靖舟, 李军, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上古生界烃源岩特征及其对天然气藏形成与分布的控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(6): 1068-1075.

[26] YAO Jingli, HU Xinyou, FAN Liyong, et al. The geological conditions, resource potential and exploration direction of natural gas in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(10): 1465-1474. 姚泾利, 胡新友, 范立勇, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地天然气地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(10): 1465-1474.

[27] HU Weiqiang, LI Yangbing, CHEN Xin, et al. Origin and source of natural gas in the Upper Paleozoic in Linxing area, Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020, 31(1): 26-36. 胡维强, 李洋冰, 陈鑫, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区上古生界天然气成因及来源[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2020, 31(1): 26-36.

[28] ZHENG Dingye, JIANG Fujie, LIU Tieshu, et al. Genetic types and sources of natural gas in Linxing area, the eastern margin of Ordos Basin, China[J]. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 2018, 40(2): 203-214. 郑定业, 姜福杰, 刘铁树, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区天然气成因类型及气源分析[J]. 地球科学与环境学报, 2018, 40(2): 203-214.

[29] CAO Daiyong, NIE Jing, WANG Anmin, et al. Structural and thermal control of enrichment conditions of coal measure gases in Linxing block of eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2018, 43(6): 1526-1532. 曹代勇, 聂敬, 王安民, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区煤系气富集的构造-热作用控制[J]. 煤炭学报, 2018, 43(6): 1526-1532.

[30] GE Yan, ZHU Guanghui, WAN Huan, et al. The influence of Zijinshan structural belt to the formation and distribution of tight sandstone gas reservoir in Upper Paleozoic, in the eastern Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(4): 491-499. 葛岩, 朱光辉, 万欢, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘紫金山侵入构造对上古生界致密砂岩气藏形成和分布的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(4): 491-499.

[31] WU Peng, GAO Jixian, GUO Junchao, et al. Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary characteristic analysis of Qiaotou sandstone of Taiyuan in Linxing area, eastern margin of Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(1): 66-76. 吴鹏, 高计县, 郭俊超, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区太原组桥头砂岩层序地层及沉积特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(1): 66-76.

[32] ZHAO Junbin, TANG Shuheng, SUN Zhenfei, et al. Shanxi Formation high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation pattern in Xingxian area, Ordos Basin eastern margin[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2015, 27(4): 1-7. 赵俊斌, 唐书恒, 孙振飞, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘兴县地区山西组高分辨率层序地层与聚煤规律[J]. 中国煤炭地质, 2015, 27(4): 1-7.

[33] SHI Jing, HUANG Wenhui, LYU Chenhang, et al. Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of the Upper Paleozoic mudstones from Linxing area in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(8): 876-889. 师晶, 黄文辉, 吕晨航, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区上古生界泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(8): 876-889.

[34] HU Weiqiang, LIU Yuming, LI Yangbing, et al. The characteristics and generation-expulsion history of hydrocarbon source rocks of the Upper Paleozoic in Linxing area of Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 15(19): 1-5. 胡维强, 刘玉明, 李洋冰, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地临兴地区上古生界烃源岩特征及其生排烃史研究[J]. 长江大学学报(自科版), 2018, 15(19): 1-5.

[35] LU Shuangfang, ZHANG Min. Petroleum geochemistry[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2008. 卢双舫, 张敏. 油气地球化学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2008.

[36] National Standards of the People's Republic of China. Geological evaluation methods for shale gas: GB/T 31483-2015[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015. 中华人民共和国国家标准. 页岩气地质评价方法: GB/T 31483-2015[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015.

[37] LIN Junfeng, HU Haiyan, LI Qi. Geochemical characteristics and implications of shale gas in Jiaoshiba, eastern Sichuan, China[J]. Earth Science, 2017, 42(7): 1124-1133. 林俊峰, 胡海燕, 黎祺. 川东焦石坝地区页岩气特征及其意义[J]. 地球科学, 2017, 42(7): 1124-1133.

[38] ZHAO Lei, HE Yongzhong, YANG Ping, et al. Characteristics of Lower Palaeozoic hydrocarbon source strata and a primary study of the shale gas accumulation in northern Guizhou Province[J]. Geology in China, 2015, 42(6): 1931-1943. 赵磊, 贺永忠, 杨平, 等. 黔北下古生界烃源层系特征与页岩气成藏初探[J]. 中国地质, 2015, 42(6): 1931-1943.

[39] WEI Xiangfeng, GUO Tonglou, LIU Ruobing. Geochemical features of shale gas and their genesis in Jiaoshiba block of Fuling shale gasfield, Chongqing[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27(3): 539-548. 魏祥峰, 郭彤楼, 刘若冰. 涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区页岩气地球化学特征及成因[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(3): 539-548.

[40] HAN Hui, LI Dahua, MA Yong, et al. The origin of marine shale gas in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, China: Implications from chemical composition and stable carbon isotope of desorbed gas[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(3): 453-459. 韩辉, 李大华, 马勇, 等. 四川盆地东北地区下寒武统海相页岩气成因: 来自气体组分和碳同位素组成的启示[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(3): 453-459.

[41] LUO Shengyuan, CHEN Xiaohong, LIU An, et al. Geochemical features and genesis of shale gas from the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation shale in Yichang block, Middle Yangtze region[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(5): 999-1010. 罗胜元, 陈孝红, 刘安, 等. 中扬子宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组页岩气地球化学特征及其成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(5): 999-1010.

[42] JIANG Chengfu, WANG Xiangzeng, ZHANG Lixia, et al. Geological characteristics of shale and exploration potential of continental shale gas in 7th member of Yanchang Formation, southeast Ordos Basin[J]. Geology in China, 2013, 40(6): 1880-1888. 姜呈馥, 王香增, 张丽霞, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段陆相页岩气地质特征及勘探潜力评价[J]. 中国地质, 2013, 40(6): 1880-1888.

[43] LIU Quanyou, JIN Zhijun, MENG Qingqiang, et al. Genetic types of natural gas and filling patterns in Daniudi gas field, Ordos Basin, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 107: 1-11.

[44] GAO Yuqiao, GAO Hequn, HE Xipeng, et al. Methane isotope fractionation characteristics of shale gas and its significance as a productivity indicator[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2019, 41(6): 865-870. 高玉巧, 高和群, 何希鹏, 等. 四川盆地东南部页岩气同位素分馏特征及对产能的指示意义[J]. 石油实验地质, 2019, 41(6): 865-870.

[45] LI Jian, LIU Zhaolu, LI Zhisheng, et al. Experiment investigation on the carbon isotope and composition fractionation of methane during gas migration by diffusion[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003, 14(6): 463-468. 李剑, 刘朝露, 李志生, 等. 天然气组分及其碳同位素扩散分馏作用模拟实验研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2003, 14(6): 463-468.

[46] DAI Jinxing. Hydrocarbon isotope characteristics and identification of various types of natural gas[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 1993, 4(2/3): 1-40. 戴金星. 天然气碳氢同位素特征和各类天然气鉴别[J]. 天然气地球科学, 1993, 4(2/3): 1-40.

[47] HU Guoyi, LI Jin, SHAN Xiuqin, et al. The origin of natural gas and the hydrocarbon charging history of the Yulin gas field in the Ordos Basin, China[J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2010, 81(4): 381-391.

[48] WANG Xiaofeng, LI Xiaofu, WANG Xiangzeng, et al. Carbon isotopic fractionation by desorption of shale gases[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2015, 60: 79-86.

[49] ZHANG Yigang. Accumulation and preservation of natural gas[M]. Nanjing: Hehai University Press, 1991. 张义纲. 天然气的生成聚集和保存[M]. 南京: 河海大学出版社, 1991.

[50] WHITICAR M J. Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane[J]. Chemical Geology, 1999, 161(1/2/3): 291-314.

[51] DAI Jinxing, NI Yunyan, WU Xiaoqi. Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012, 39(3): 257-264. 戴金星, 倪云燕, 吴小奇. 中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2012, 39(3): 257-264.

[52] SUN Ping'an, WANG Xulong, TANG Yong, et al. Geochemical constraints on the multiple origins of shallow-buried natural gases in the Junggar Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2012, 41(2): 109-121. 孙平安, 王绪龙, 唐勇, 等. 准噶尔盆地浅层天然气多种成因地球化学研究[J]. 地球化学, 2012, 41(2): 109-121.