Exploration and prospects of engineering technologies for deep coal seam development based on the well factory mode

Authors

• GAO Deli, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 100100, ChinaFollow
• DONG Xuelin, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 100100, China
• BI Yansen, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 100100, ChinaFollow

Abstract

Background Given China's energy and mineral resource endowment, the efficient and green development and utilization of deep coal resources are expected to become a significant strategic option for facilitating the country's green energy transition and achieving its goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. This significant demand may be satisfied through development using a structurally complex well factory mode. Method This study introduces the basic concept of a three-dimensional, multi-functional, and precisely controllable underground structurally complex well factory, designed for the efficient and green development of unconventional energy and mineral resources. It then discusses the well factory engineering mode and the mechanisms behind in situ conversion through electric heating for deep coal seam development. Finally, the current state and development trends of basic research on the application of drilling and production engineering technologies are analyzed. Progress To achieve the clean development and utilization of deep coal resources, an electric heating technique for dense well patterns in a structurally complex well factory has been developed. This technique, combined with hydraulic fracturing, electric heating additives, and radio-frequency parameter optimization, can improve the efficiency of both gas desorption in coal seams and in situ coal conversion, thereby providing theoretical and technical guidance for the green and efficient integration of coalbed methane (CBM) recovery and underground coal gasification. Multiple approaches, including the improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA), a collaborative multi-well trajectory optimization strategy, and an error calculation model for definitive dynamics survey (DDS), have been developed. These approaches address the challenges associated with platform planning and multi-well trajectory optimization in a structurally complex well factory, thereby enabling precise control of complex and three-dimensional well trajectories. To address issues such as wellbore instability, wellbore leakage, and differences in the structural and physical characteristics of coal in deep complex strata, various techniques and methods have been developed, including dual-string differential rotary drilling for horizontal wells, adaptive composite well completion for coal reservoirs, and dense segmented radial jetting through screen pipes. These techniques and methods facilitate diversified well completion and production growth for deep complex coal seams. Prospects In response to the challenges associated with engineering technologies for deep coal seam development using the well factory mode, key drilling and production technologies and equipment from the hydrocarbon field can be referenced to progressively address the following four issues through interdisciplinary research and practice. First, for the three-dimensional development of multilayer gas resources through structurally complex wells, reservoir clustering and multi-stage development should be implemented based on an assessment of interlayer interference. The single-well factory mode for multi-reservoir development should be explored by combining underground three-dimensional structurally complex well factory and production under layered pressure control. Second, large-scale underground supercritical water fluidized beds and in situ conversion fields should be constructed by integrating multiple techniques, including electric heating of deep coal seams, in situ conversion of tar-rich coal, extended-reach wells, and reservoir stimulation. This approach will facilitate the efficient integration of in situ coal conversion and CBM production. Third, a coal gasification process with segmented control based on the underground well factory mode should be developed to enhance the controllability of coal gasification and wellbore stability. Specifically, this process can be achieved by connecting horizontal wells in coal seams and the coal seam roof through sidetracking and then implementing segmented control of the coal gasification process in production wells using an adjustment well located in the roof. Fourth, three-dimensional diversified well completion methods for a structurally complex well factory should be further optimized, thereby facilitating multi-mode CO₂ storage in CBM wells through physical adsorption or chemical sequestration.

Keywords

deep coal seam, structurally complex well factory, in situ conversion, well drilling and completion, efficient and green development

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.07.0439

Recommended Citation

GAO Deli, DONG Xuelin, BI Yansen, et al. (2026) "Exploration and prospects of engineering technologies for deep coal seam development based on the well factory mode," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 54: Iss. 9, Article 3.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.07.0439
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol54/iss9/3

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