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Coal Geology & Exploration

Abstract

Background Accelerating deep coalbed methane (CBM) exploitation is a strategic initiative for the energy security and energy mix optimization of China. The Linxing-Shenfu block in the Ordos Basin holds considerable resource potential of deep CBM. However, this block exhibits typical geological characteristics of low-grade deep CBM, including the complete absence of free gas, gas content < 14 m3/t, reservoir permeability < 0.1 × 10−3 μm2, and strong heterogeneity. These characteristics lead to low efficiency of conventional development models. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient technical system tailored to these characteristics. Method To address the core contradiction between reservoir stimulation and insufficient formation energy in the Linxing-Shenfu block, this study systematically develops a technical system for lean development of low-grade deep CBM by adhering to the philosophy of geology-engineering integration. This technical system is centered on precise identification, reservoir-friendly stimulation, and closed-loop optimization, integrating three key techniques. First, the technique for fine-scale sweet spot evaluation and differential drilling design is incorporated. This technique is developed based on three-dimensional (3D) geomechanical modeling and multi-source data fusion, aiming to provide support for well trajectory optimization and the design of precise, segment-specific fracturing schemes. Second, the reservoir-friendly stimulation technique is integrated. This technique focuses on the fracturing fluid systems characterized by low reservoir damage and easy flowback, as well as water-saving fracturing techniques. The purpose is to mitigate water-blocking and stress-sensitive damage from the source. Third, the technique for the collaborative optimization of the production system and whole-process time-efficiency control is included. This technique is centered on a full-lifecycle, geology-engineering-production closed-loop feedback mechanism, aiming to ensure efficient and stable release of production capacity. Results and Conclusions The investigation results of the geological characteristics of the Linxing-Shenfu block reveal four key challenges in deep CBM exploitation: (1) the weak material basis, inherently restricting the high and stable gas production; (2) insufficient formation energy, leading to difficult flowback of fracturing fluids; (3) low reservoir permeability, leaving minimal error tolerance for the production system; (4) time-efficiency constraints across the operation chain, increasing reservoir damage and management costs. Given these issues, field experiments on the proposed technical system were carried out by applying it to 10 horizontal wells in the Wangjiadun demonstration area of the Linxing-Shenfu block. The results demonstrate that the established technology roadmap achieved an increase of up to 21% in the average ratio of encountering high-quality reservoirs during drilling, yielded daily gas production exceeding 65000 m3/d, and significantly enhanced the flowback rates of fracturing fluids. The technical system developed in this study provides a feasible technical pathway for the commercial exploitation of low-grade deep CBM while also offering a reference for the lean development of similar unconventional resources.

Keywords

deep coalbed methane (CBM), low grade, geology-engineering integration, reservoir damage, water-saving fracturing, lean development

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.02.0095

Reference

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