Resilience-oriented geological safeguards for damage mitigation in coal resource exploitation

Authors

• WANG Shuangming, China United Coalbed Methane National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, ChinaFollow
• SUN Qiang, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaFollow
• YAN Meixin, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
• MIAO Lintian, Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an 710021, China
• LIU Lang, College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
• QIAO Junwei, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
• NIU Chao, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
• GENG Jishi, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
• FANG Chenxi, Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an 710021, China
• ZHANG He, Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
• XIAO Lele, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
• LI Shibo, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China

Abstract

Background Coal remains a fundamental component of China’s energy security system. With the westward shift of coal development and continuous expansion into deeper strata, coal mining is confronted with increasingly complex geological conditions and growing ecological constraints. Geological damage induced by mining disturbance has evolved from isolated geological issues into a coupled Earth-system problem involving the lithosphere, hydrosphere, pedosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, characterized by uncertainty, hysteresis, concealment, and cross-scale accumulation. Resilience-based damage mitigation emphasizes reducing the probability, intensity, and recovery costs of geological damage through proactive identification, dynamic regulation, damage suppression, and post-disturbance restoration under mining disturbance and external environmental changes. Methods and Results Based on the Earth system science perspective, this study establishes the scientific connotation of resilience-based geological assurance for coal mining damage mitigation and introduces resilience concepts into a new paradigm of mining geological assurance. The mechanisms, transmission pathways, amplification effects, and dynamic evolution characteristics of multi-sphere geological damage are systematically analyzed. Five fundamental scientific issues are identified, including the mechanisms and transmission of multi-sphere coupled damage, prediction of geological body evolution under complex geological conditions, interactions between mining disturbance and extreme climate events, coordinated regulation of damage associated with multi-resource development, and cross-scale accumulation and multi-process coupling. Accordingly, a closed-loop technical framework is proposed, consisting of transparent geological exploration and monitoring, dynamic geological modeling and prediction, intelligent damage warning, adaptive damage mitigation regulation, and dynamic iterative learning. Conclusions For deep mining regions, emphasis should be placed on dynamic monitoring, risk warning, and engineering regulation under high-stress, high-temperature, high-gas-pressure, and strong mining disturbance conditions. For ecologically fragile western mining regions, integrated monitoring and whole-process damage mitigation should focus on groundwater systems, surface subsidence, and ecological responses. For areas affected by extreme climate events, meteorological, hydrological, and geological information should be integrated to dynamically optimize warning thresholds and mitigation strategies. Future research should further elucidate the coupled feedback mechanisms between natural Earth spheres and human mining activities, with particular attention to cross-scale quantitative characterization of multi-sphere damage, dynamic prediction and intelligent warning under complex disturbances, and adaptive regulation integrating multi-source data with physical mechanisms. Engineering validation in representative scenarios, including deep mining areas, ecologically fragile regions, and extreme-climate-affected zones, should be strengthened to improve evaluation indicators, technical standards, and case databases, thereby promoting the transition of resilience-based geological assurance from a conceptual framework toward transferable and scalable engineering applications.

Keywords

coal resource exploitation, earth system science, coupled geological damage, multi-sphere interaction, resilience-oriented geological safeguard

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.04.0230

Recommended Citation

WANG Shuangming, SUN Qiang, YAN Meixin, et al. (2026) "Resilience-oriented geological safeguards for damage mitigation in coal resource exploitation," Coal Geology & Exploration: Vol. 54: Iss. 8, Article 2.
DOI: 10.12363/issn.1001-1986.26.04.0230
Available at: https://cge.researchcommons.org/journal/vol54/iss8/2

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