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Coal Geology & Exploration

Abstract

Background China boasts abundant marine-continental transitional shale gas resources. However, marine-continental transitional shales in the country exhibit complex geological conditions characterized by rapid lateral facies transition, vertical superimposition of multiple lithologies, and small single-layer thickness. These characteristics pose a challenge to shale gas sweet spot prediction. Therefore, establishing a sweet spot grading and evaluation system tailored to these shales is of great significance for guiding decision-making in hydrocarbon exploration and supporting large-scale production. Methods Based on core observations, this study systematically evaluated the geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shales in the 3rd submember of the 2nd member of the Permian Shanxi Formation (also referred to as the Shan${}_2^3 $ Sub-member) along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin. The applied analyses and tests included total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, maceral identification, gold tube pyrolysis experiments on hydrocarbon generation, breakthrough pressure determination, and diffusion coefficient determination. Furthermore, a sweet spot evaluation method for marine-continental transitional shale gas was developed. Results and Conclusions The marine-continental transitional shales in the Shan${}_2^3 $ Sub-member are characterized by the high abundance but unfavorable types of organic matter, with an average TOC content of 6.5%. Macerals in the shales are dominated by exinite and vitrinite, indicating that the shales are in the overmature stage. The shales in the Shan${}_2^3 $ Sub-member are characterized by early and prolonged hydrocarbon generation, with a maximum hydrocarbon yield of 139.42 mg/gTOC. Experimental results indicate that the shales would experience peak oil generation at vitrinite reflectance (Easy%Ro) of 0.9%, large-scale gas generation at Easy%Ro of 1.5%, and a gradual termination of hydrocarbon generation at Ro of 3.5%. Four lithologic assemblages are identified in the study area. Among these, the shale-limestone assemblage exhibits the most favorable preservation conditions, followed by the shale-mudstone and shale-coal assemblages, with the shale-sandstone assemblage demonstrating the poorest preservation conditions. A geochemical evaluation method for the geological sweet spots of marine-continental transitional shale gas was established. Using this method, key geochemical parameters for Class Ⅰ favorable intervals were determined against the backdrop of the shale-limestone assemblage, including a TOC content > 4.0%, a sapropelinite content > 20%, and Easy%Ro ranging from 1.5% to 3.5%. The results of this study reveal key parameters for the geochemical evaluation of the geological sweet spots of marine-continental transitional shale gas, thereby providing a basis for play fairway prediction and exploration and development deployment of shale gas in the Shanxi Formation along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin.

Keywords

marine-continental transitional facies, shale gas, Shanxi Formation, sweet spot interval, geochemical characteristics

DOI

10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.12.0939

Reference

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